Some variables in Economics are very closely related to each other. In many cases, the combination of these variables can have an unexpected effect on the economy. One of these examples can be observed when we compare inflation and unemployment rate. To establish this comparison in a short-run period of time, it will be beneficial to use the Phillip Curve. This curve can be used as a tool to represent the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run. In order to comprehend the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment first, we must know what inflation is, how we define unemployment, and how we can use the Phillip Curve to make a functional comparison of these two variables. Moreover, it will be very beneficial to analyze how expansionary fiscal policies affect the relationship between unemployment and inflation. If we understand the meaning of each of these variables in the economy, it will be easier to comprehend the logic of a short-run trade-off between unemployment and inflation.
Inflation can be described as the sustained increase in the level price of goods and services over a period of time. Inflation can affect the economy in positive and negative ways. One of the negative ways in which inflation affects the economy is that it increases the opportunity cost of holding money, in other words, it decreases the real value of money. Inflation is said to occur when there is an excessive increase in the money supply. Among
Inflation is the sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services in a county, and is measured as an annual percentage change. (Investopedia) During periods of inflation, the prices of products and services will rise. There are several reasons why an economy would see a rise in inflation. Decrease in supplies, corporate deciding to charge more, and consumer confidence are some of the reasons why an economy would see the inflation rate increase. Consumer confidence is when consumers gain more confidence in spending due to a low unemployment rate and wages being stable. Decrease in supplies is when consumers are willing to pay more for a product or service is that is slowly becoming unavailable due to a decrease in supplies. Corporate decisions are when the corporations basically decide
In a closed economy, an expansionary fiscal policy makes the government to trade-off between unemployment rate and inflation in the short run. Government try to fix an equilibrium point to let the national income reach its maximum level. At this point, either the inflation rate or the unemployment rate remains at a relatively low level. However, in the long run, if the government decides to adopt expansionary fiscal policy, it will have little power to control the price, which means it will lose market control. In this case, the stagflation will occur and the Philip curve will be more and more close to be vertical. At this time,
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. what does it mean to me well inflation is when the economy thinks that it is doing good but they make to much on one thing that people don't want to buy no more so they increase the price and that inflation happens.
Although illegal in most states, marijuana remains a popular substance and it does not influence the crisis prevention professionals as the same level as harder drugs, it continue to represent a problem. The use of “pot” often finds the user lethargic, mellow, and prolonged use of the substance can lead to memory gaps and a lack of productivity. At the extreme end of substances is the one considered the most addictive and dangerous to the human body, heroin. It is problematic at a number of levels. For example, heroin is administered mostly by injection. Therefore, it is one of the most common ways the HIV virus is transmitted when not through sexual contact. Another issue is there is little to no quality control so its potency is not regulated
A major cause of inflation is when there is more money than that which is available. Meaning, there is more of a demand than a quantity. When there is more money to be spent, companies will charge more for their product, increasing the general market’s equilibrium. **check
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Inflation is the rate in which the prices and services are rising above zero percent, which involves a declining value in the power of currency. While deflation is when the inflation rate goes below zero, making it a negative inflation rate. “Inflation has a direct impact on the investment environment; a rising or declining inflation rate can shift the balance of investment returns between stock, bonds, and other alternatives” (Little, 2010). An economy having zero inflation will eventually result in deflation, which can be defined as a fall in the general price level. Economists tend to track and estimate the general price level using several different price indexes. One of the best-known price indexes to measure inflation is the consumer price index (CPI). In most developing countries, what considered being a healthy growth rate for the economy is have an annual interest rate of CPI around 2%. Inflation is used as a tool to maintain the level of general goods and services. Having remarkably high inflation can interfere with the operation of the financial market, and making the purchasing power of currency decreases. Also, it makes it more complicated for people to make good consumer decisions. Thus, making countries tend to target their inflation rate around CPI 2%, keeping the inflation rate low as possible, as it will keep the interest rate positive.
Friedman (1973) succinctly summarized the inconclusive nature of the relationship between inflation and unemployment on economic growth as follows: ―historically, all possible combinations have occurred: inflation and unemployment with and without development, no inflation and unemployment with and without development. The main problems facing the economy of Iraq today are unemployment and inflation. These problems are persistently complex and cause economic and social dilemma to the economy as a whole. The inability of government to provide a lasting solution to these twin challenges has contributed
In the curious phenomenon known as brand loyalty, some people become so attached to their brand and will be willing to pay ridiculous amounts of money just to buy one of their products. If there are enough brand-loyal consumers out there, the company can easily raise prices and people will still pay. This is the case with branded versus generic pharmaceutical drugs. Although generic brands are almost always the same as their branded counterparts, (after the patent on the drug expires, the only thing that differs about them is the label) brand loyalty ensures people will pay a lot more for the branded product. Apple is another example. One look at the mile long queues and you will know that Apple’s consumers are completely devoted to the brand.
Inflation happens when there is more and more money being created, this lessens the value of each individual dollar. Inflation also lowers the standard of living because people decide to buy now and pay later, this also creates higher inflation. Inflation causes the business cycle to
3)Inflation inertia, that is, once the inflation formed, it will continue for a period of time. 4) Expectation of inflation. Economic activity participants can make a judgment and estimate on the future trend of inflation to get the formation of inflation expectations, which lead to the current increase in the price level.
However, inflation and unemployment affect one another in the short-run. There is a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment, as exemplified by the Phillips curve. The Phillips curve is a downward sloping line that shows the trade-off, as inflation gets lower as unemployment grows, and vice versa. Monetary and fiscal policymakers often expand aggregate-demand, forcing the economy to move up along the short-run aggregate-supply curve, but this causes a rapidly rising price level. If the monetary and fiscal policymakers did the opposite and contracted aggregate-demand, the economy moves
According to B. R. Schiller, inflation is the general increase in the average level of prices of goods and services, and when the inflation rate is in excess of 200 percent lasting at least one year, that is hyperinflation. Because inflation is an increase in the average price of goods and services, it
In conclusion inflation is a increase in the general price level of goods and service. Inflation does not impact your life in the short run,
Core inflation is the price change of goods and services minus food and energy. It’s measured by two indexes; CPI, consumer price index and PCE, personal consumption expenditures. The accumulation of a consumer’s monthly spending; can signal a change in inflation. In this document, I want to show how consumer spending can cause inflation and explain how inflation is monitored and measured.