Introduction: The Constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment) Act, 1992 was enacted to reform the Panchayat System in India. The Legislature of Indian States were given powers to determine the powers and composition of Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayats. Hence, the powers, functions and composition of Gram Panchayats are determined by the State Governments in accordance with the local needs.
Gram Sabha
Gram Sabha has been envisaged as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj system. A village having population not less than 1500 forms Gram Sabha and every adult of the village is member of Gram Sabha.
However, in some states, a Gram Sabha may be formed even if the population is less than 1500. If the population of several villages are less than
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Functions: The Gram Sabha performs such functions as the States prescribes from time to time.
• They play a vital role by electing the right candidates as members (Panch) of Gram Panchayats,
• The keep a check on the activities of Gram Panchayat and influence their decisions for the welfare of the village.
• They conduct general meetings. Beyond the prescribed minimum number of meetings, they can conduct such meeting as per the needs.
Gram Panchayat
Gram Panchayat is the organization of elected panchas by the members of Gram Sabha of the village. It is a self-government organization. The number of members in a Gram Panchayat depends upon the population of the village.
Generally, the number of elected panchas in a Gram Panchayat varies between seven and seventeen members. However, it may vary from state to state. There is provision for reservation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Women candidates. The head of the Panchayat is known as “Sarpanch”.
Functions: The functions of Gram Panchayat includes:
• implementation of welfare plans,
• social justice and development,
• upliftment of women,
• economic development,
• development of infrastructure such as roads, waterways,
Has to do with the citizen redistricting committee and gerrymandering. In the old rule politician could draw lines for registering during a election. They would draw district lines based on the census which left places either democratic and republican. The problem cause a problem the politician due not campaign anymore , because they already know they will win. when policiation due not campaign the are also less like to to compromise and come to agreement. The new rule is the citizen redistricting committee. now instead of politician drawing the lines, a group of citizen do it. They job is to stop gerrymandering and also to not violate any of the voting right act when drawing this lines.
India is a constitutional democracy which believes in the rule of law. The Constitution of India is the basic framework which must be followed to prevent a collapse of law and order. The judiciary is often called ‘the guardian of the Constitution’. This gives the judiciary the power to interpret the Constitution in order to hold up its basic ideals. This power of interpretation is at the
It needs to oversee and dictate the manner by which injustices and issues that pertain to injustice are addressed. By being the overall supervisor, it will have the mandate on assisting different citizens and governments when it comes to coming up with policies that end segregation and
Another way to represent in government is if one is chosen as a cabinet member of the president.. They will have to represents the presidents coalitions and policies to all Local Nations under the government. Government will be base on the overall ideals of keeping the people from rebelling by supplying them with basics of safety, living, education and healthcare. The people under this form of government will only be able to survive on the aid provided by the government. The games will determine the representation and the rule of the government. The overall well being of the people will decent but they will have to endure a test every year in order to get their part in government. “May the Odds be Ever in Your Favor” (Collins, 2008). Every person has to defend themselves and create a strong alliance. They need to work strategically and be intuitive of their surroundings.
The purpose of the executive board is to supervise the GSA and run it’s meetings. The locations for meetings will be determined by the executive board. The executive board will make time at least once a week for updates and to make decisions regarding the club, such as event ideas, agendas for upcoming meetings, etc.
they head. As, a group, the cabinet is intended to serve as an advisory body to the
Their general role in public administration
This is an organisation that are managed by the Government or Local Services. This includes;
significance - It provides the formation of a government to legislate, it provides the funds needed for the government and it provides a forum for population representation.
local level, they come from mainly 70% are elected members and the other 30% are brought in by businesses, environmental organisations and other groups. These assemblies are funded by the central government and they may also receive money from local authorities within their region. They are responsible for developing, monitoring and reviewing regional planning and transport, they also make recommendations to the government on housing priorities in their area. Other responsibilities that they have are to check, monitor work with the regions development
A Consultative Committee attached to the High Authority 3. A Special Council of Ministers 4. An Assembly
The elected leaders of the council represent their community and are responsible to ensure the overall operations of the municipality. Day to day oversight of the local agencies is granted to the manager who can carry out policies of the elected to ensure maximum effectiveness of services. This authority allows the local manager to be able to conduct the work of the elected in a flexible method which best meets the need of the citizens. The process of accountability and review within the local government allows for rapid response to address short term community plans and short term goals. As the government becomes closer to the citizens it becomes more accountable for its
The caste system is a social structure that is determined by birth. A caste system stratifies the whole society. The caste system is very much embedded with economic particularly in India. The poor gets poorer and the richer gets richer. In Nepal, the caste system appeared in the ancient era. Sanskrit scripture describes that the caste system has been in practice through ‘Second millennium BC’ (Gellner, D. N. 2007) that divides the social groups based on Hinduism and feudalism.
Planning is for the common people and for the community development then it should not be complete concern of the planners or the central policy makers; rather it should be the concern of the whole community and whole society. Thus the traditional planning process needs to be revised and modified to make room for the common people to take part in the decision making process. The local communities, elected
The real India breathes in its villages.India is a land of villages with around 70 % of its population still residing in it .The basic characteristics of the Indian villages are: