The Predators And Prey Species

The purpose of this paper is to explore available research on the overpopulation of the Snow Goose on the North American continent. The snow goose has been rising in population since the middle of the century and has been escalating so much it is destroying their natural habitat. Wildlife managers have just recently begun to implement strategies to combat this problem. Mainly through the use of hunters the managers are trying to curb the population growth.

Last, many endangered animals are becoming more at risk because of the climate change. The habitats of several endangered animals have started to disappear, and their water has become scarce, too. Document B says that these animals include snow leopards, whose forest climate is shrinking, one-horned rhinos, whose vegetation is being diminished by regular droughts and floods, and orang-utans, who are being killed in forest fires in their forest homes. This killing of endangered animals is bringing these species closer to extinction all because of the rise in earth’s

nature, not to be opened to oil drilling and possible development. The wildlife debate has focused mainly on the areas of importance to the Porcupine Caribou, and other species such as polar bears, grizzly bears, wolves and migratory birds are also at a great risk.

Global temperature increases and associated increases in precipitation in northern Nova Scotia will likely have detrimental impacts on already threatened species. The Canadian Lynx population is decreasing quickly due to human hunting for its fur and its habitats being destroyed forcing them to continuously migrate north. They have evolved to thrive in snow cover and cold temperatures with their large snowshoe-like paws and thick fur, which gives them an advantage to capture prey compared to other predators such as coyotes or bobcats ("Threats To Lynx" 2012, Hoving et al. 2003). The lynx is a specialist predator focusing on the snowshoe hare as its primary source of food. The hare and the lynx have a very interconnected population cycle that lasts roughly 10 years (Yan et al. 2013). Hares experience large fluctuations in their population cycle based on a number of factors that influence the ecosystem. When hare populations are in decline, in periods where nature must regenerate, the lynx population is also shown to decrease, and vice versa with an approximate two year lag period for the lynx (("Lynx-Snowshoe Hare Cycle | Environment And Natural

Environmental changes due to our climate warming is causing terrible effects on the Marten population in the northern reaches of Wisconsin. What climate change is doing to the habit in which the Marten is living in is changing the amount of snowfall the regions in which the Martens are living in are acquiring. Looking at figure 3 you can see that the total snowfall in the two regions where Martens were reintroduced showed significantly less snowfall accumulation in present day compared to the 1980’s. This is extremely important to note because this change in snowfall can deteriorate the critical zone called the subnivium. The subnivium is the seasonal microenvironment underneath the snow (Pauli et al., 2013). This is a small zone where plants and small mammals thrive during the winter. It should be stated that the subnivium insulates the ground creating a pocket of warmth that allows these organisms to survive the harsh Wisconsin winters. The way a subnivium is formed is based on snow duration, density and depth (Pauli et al., 2013). But this is where climate change comes into play. It is causing snowfall to decrease, the time snow is present is decreased and the density of the snow is lower (Pauli et al., 2013). Having these three factor decline is getting rid of the refuge of the subnivium and killing organisms that thrive there. One such organism is the American Marten. These mammals are small enough to crawl down tree trunks where the snow is melted to gain access to the subnivium. This is where the Marten hunts mice and other small mammals to its heart's content. But with the loss of the subnivium Martens can’t hunt in their little paradise. They will have to find other places to hunt and find prey to satisfy their caloric needs. This is where the Fisher has the advantage, since they are too large to access the subnivium. The Fisher

For example, their concept indicates that prey species will alter their foraging habits to the features of the terrain in order to avoid areas with a high risk of predation. Predation risk in a changing environment is also focused on by the authors. There are many environmental variables that may influence the degree of predation risk such as weather, wildfires, and other conditions that influence ungulates’ access to vegetation. Finally, the authors focus on ecosystem responses to trophic cascades—primarily on riparian functions and on beaver and bird populations. They also inform us that wolves may represent an indirect control on beaver populations as well as cause ungulates to avoid some riparian areas—therefore reducing herbivory on wooden browse species.

One reason it’s becoming a worldwide problem befell because of the weather changes and places it’s affecting,As the website www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Global-Warming.aspx. Says the days have gotten hotter, flooding and rain more heavy,hurricanes stronger and droughts more severe.We can not put it off any longer places like north and south America,Asia, and Australia are getting hit with terrible weather, some places are evacuating places they long called home.

The primary position that is taken in the reading passage is that R. robustus was not an active hunter. On the other hand, in the lecture, the professor argues that there are several reasons to believe it was an active predator.

The Canada Lynx, with its characteristic silver-brown coat and tuffed ears, is coming face to face with the threat of extinction – at least in the woods of Maine. The population of this North American mammal, which can be found in Canada, Alaska and some parts of Northern U.S., is quickly declining due to environmental changes taking place in their habitat. In an effort to fight back, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is teaming up with private landowners to recreate the habitat the Canada Lynx needs to hunt and prosper.

Alexander the caribou is drinking out of the warm arctic ocean with his friends; Owen, and Joshua. It has been a relatively warm winter month with little snowfall so far this year, then all of a sudden, the ice cracks separating Alexander from his friends slowly drifting away into the ocean. He attempts to swim back, but does not make it. In 2002, the George River Caribou Herd (GRCH) population was between 800,000-900,000 animals but by 2014 the population of caribou was decreased to 14,200 GRCH, in northern Canada. While at first it may appear that animal decline and animal population loss in Canada/ the northern hemisphere, due to carbon emissions, is not as serious as it seems, but a closer look reveals that carbon emissions from factories, cars, trains, etc. are a cause of global warming and that the reduction of private transportation would be a quick efficient solution. By forcing businesses to pay taxes and restrict the amount of carbon output and the general public to use less private, and more public transportation, the Earth temperature raising would decline. As a result, this solution would not only stop the destruction of the animal’s; habitats, allowing the population decline to stop, but also stop all the other effects of global warming, such as worse air qualities, higher temperatures, and sea levels rising across the world.

The apex predator I chose is the alligator. An apex predator like the alligator helps regulate the population of the omnivore/carnivores and herbivores in the pyramid by eating the sick and pray that are slow or weak. And help to regulate the food supply of the omnivore/carnivores and herbivores (Adam, 2015). For example, the alligator eats nutria rats and helps control the nutria rats population so that the nutria rat does not cause substantial wetland damages. The nutria rat reproduces rapidly, and the appetite of the nutria rat consists of the majority of all the marsh vegetation (Mach & Poche,

Predators are animals that kill for their food; they must do this in order to survive. There has been controversy about predation in some areas including the re-introduction of wolves into the Yellowstone National park area and other areas. Predator-prey relationships are both beneficial and detrimental to some species. The weakest and unhealthiest become dinner for those predators and also become a positive thing for the species that only the strongest of the herd will survive and continue to reproduce. Some types of prey have defense mechanisms which fight off predators. Survival of the fittest is the best explained phrase for this type of ecological interaction.

"We call them dumb animals, and so they are, for they cannot tell us how they feel, but they do not suffer less because they have no words” (Anna Sewell). There is undeniable evidence that animals are being affected by climate change. Even though the effects are difficult to measure, there are many different ways animals are being affected. With the loss of predator and prey species it affects the life cycles in the food chain. The earth’s climate change causes habitats such as snow, ice, or forest areas to alter, resulting in loss of habitat and food accessibility as well as causing extinction.

Mutualism, Predation, and Interspecific competition is different from each other because, Mutualism is when two organisms interact in a way that's beneficial for both organisms, Predation is when one species kills and eats the other species so, it's beneficial for one species because, they got to eat but, it's not beneficial for the other because, the other species is killed, and Interspecific competition is when different species compete for the same food or other resources and that's not beneficial for none of the species because, the species won't get to eat because, they are competing for the same food and there will eventually be no food for none of the species.

     The purpose of this paper is to explore available research on the overpopulation of the Snow Goose on the North American continent. The snow goose has been rising in population since the middle of the century and has been escalating so much it is destroying their natural habitat. Wildlife managers have just recently begun to implement strategies to combat this problem. Mainly through the use of hunters the managers are trying to curb the population growth.