The Prediction Of The Rate Limiting Step For A Sorption Process

Two variables that affect the rate of diffusion are the MWCO membrane and the solute concentration. Increasing the membrane size and solute concentration will also increase the average diffusion rate. Decreasing the membrane size and solute concentration will reduce diffusion rates and can even prevent all diffusion.

Time) because it had a correlation closest to 1. All three orders were graphed and a linear regression was used to see which graphed order was closest to 1. The order was determined by comparing the concentration and time to the mathematical predictions made using the integrated rate laws. Analyzing each graph and finding each correlation helped determine which graph was closest to 1. The more concentrated a solution is, the higher the absorbance of that solution. This is due to Beer’s Law. The law measures the absorbance of a solution by determining how much light passes through a solution. As the concentration of a solution increases, fewer wavelengths of light are able to pass through the concentrated solution. The absorbance at 60 seconds was 0.573 (Figure 1: Table1). To calculate the concentration (molarity), the Beer’s Law equation was used, Abs = slope(m)+b. Plugging in what is known into the Beer’s Law equation resulted in 0.573 = 3.172e+004 + 0, where the concentration is determined by M = 0.573-0/ 3.172e+004. So, the concentration at 60 seconds using the equation (M = 0.573-0 / 3.172e+004) was 1.824e-5 M. The 1st order graph resulted in k=0.006152 (Figure 1: Graph 1). Other groups also resulted in their decolorization of CV to be the 1st rate

This scientific paper investigates my hypothesis that "Higher molecular weight produce faster diffusion". Diffusion is a process of equalization which involves movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Biology 101.1). As Thomas Graham (1831-1833) found out on his study that gases of different nature diffuse with each other, it is a challenge as to how true it

In this lab experiment we determined the kinetic rate constant for a solvoysis reaction and observed how a change in polarity of the solvents affects the reaction rate. For the specific reaction that we did in the lab we actually measured the formation of HCl since the rate of

A cell needs to perform diffusion in order to survive. Substances, including water, ions, and molecules that are required for cellular activities, can enter and leave cells by a passive process such as diffusion. Diffusion is random movement of molecules in a net direction from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration order to reach equilibrium. Diffusion does not require any energy input. Diffusion is needed for basic cell functions - for example, in humans, cells obtain oxygen via diffusion from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood and in plants water

When an aqueous solution is added to a salt, NaCl, it causes it to be insoluble in water and therefore be recovered later on by having it crystalized. This is referred to as salting out, meaning that the polar organic compounds, which are soluble in water, are extracted into a nonpolar solvent. This is useful when it comes to drying of the aqueous extraction via the drying agent and in removing excess water from the organic solvent. Moreover, the drying agent used in this experiment was the Na2SO4. The drying agent allows for removal of water; however, if too much drying agent is used, it could lead to lose of the organic solvent by absorption.

The diffusion process is the communication theory for adopting or rejecting ideas, products, or innovation. Sociologists of the 1950s developed a standard diffusion model that had five different stages. The stages are awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. In the awareness stage, an individual is introduced to a new idea, procedure, or product with known knowledge about it. Following the awareness stage is the interest stage which is also referred to as the information stage. In this stage, an individual starts becoming familiar and interested in the new idea, procedure, or product while actively searching for more information regarding it. Thirdly is the evaluation stage where the individual determines the value of the idea, procedure, or product in an attempt of determining whether it is good. The trial stage is next where the person tries out the idea, procedure, or product. Lastly is the adoption stage in which the individual determines that the idea, procedure, or product is overall positive (Moore, Bagin, & Gallagher, p. 74, 2016).

Adsorption technique can mix the wastewater and porous material powder or granules, such as activated carbon and clay, or let the wastewater through its filter bed composed of granular materials. Through this method, pollutants in the wastewater are adsorbed and removed on the surface of the porous material or filter [27].Various adsorbents

Langmuir model is the simplest theoretical model for monolayer adsorption onto a surface with finite number of identical sites [28]. The general Langmuir equation is as follows:

This research project emphasizes on natural gas dehydration based on agricultural by-products known as biosorbents in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process, which is a widespread industrial separation system. The commercial widely used adsorbents such as zeolites, silica gel, and molecular sieves are costly due to high regeneration temperature and operational difficulties regarding maintaining a cyclic process. Moreover, even though these adsorbents are being used in industries, still a considerable amount of other species are being adsorbed along with the preferentially species, which lead to lower selectivity. Hence, there has been a constant demand for cost-effective adsorbent with high selectivity and equilibrium capacity.

Water is an important factor that affects sorption because when there is excess water or when water drains through soil from sources at the surface, adsorbed pesticide molecules can become unattached, or desorbed, and wash away to a new location (Rao, 1999). Just as degradation has a measure in the half-life of a compound, sorption also has a measure in the partition coefficient (Koc), which is a ratio of pesticide concentration in a soil bound state versus dissolved in soil-water (Rao, 1999). In fact, “the solubility of a pesticide and its sorption on soil are inversely related; [in other words], increased solubility results in less sorption” (Rao, 1999).

The energies related to the attachment of particles to fluid interfaces rely on four factors: roughness, chemical nature, wettability and size of the particles[1]. Wettability of the particles plays an important role and is reflected by the three-phase contact angle, θ.

Batch sorption studies of 134Cs, 60Co, Pb2+ and Ce3+ were performed from different concentration of nitric acid solution. Sorption properties of binary system of 134Cs & 60Co and

The original work in theoretical modeling of resource depletion was by Harold Hotelling (1931). Hotelling provided a method for analyzing producer behavior when extracting a scarce, non-renewable resource. In this modeling framework, the owners of a resource choose the extraction rate so as to maximize the present value of the profit. The main conclusion of Hotelling’s rule, in its straightforward form, is that the resource price rise over time at the rate of interest. Indeed, if the resource price increased faster than the interest rate, producers would choose to delay extracting and selling the resource till its price had arose, since the resource owners could make more profit by delaying the sale. If the resource price were declining or going up slower than the rate of interest, owners would decide to sell more of the resource early and invest their returns at the going rate of interest.

Adsorption isotherm is the relationship between amount of sorbate adsorbed by an adsorbent (solid) and its equilibrium concentration at constant temperature (Theodore and Ricci, 2010). An equilibrium is arrived at where a number of molecules arriving on the surface of an adsorbent equals the number of molecules that are leaving (Thajeel, 2013). Equilibrium data is analyzed using commonly known adsorption systems (Rahimi and Vadi, 2014). The earliest and simplest known relationships describing the adsorption process are the Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherms (Jalali et al., 2002). It is a versatile isotherm expression that can simulate both Langmuir and Freundlich behaviors ( Sips, 1948; Nah et al., 1977). The Langmuir Freundlich isotherm can describe both the Langmuir-type and Freundlich-type adsorption behavior and has been used for modeling pH-dependent sorption effects of adsorption