The Present Study Of Four Cymothoid Isopods

Tapeworms Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 commonly called “broad tapeworms” or “fish tapeworms,” have been known as intestinal parasites of humans for a long time.

More than 24 billion gallons of untreated sewage waste and storm water are pumped into the lakes annually. Pollution is increasing as well, due to the cottage development, where people enjoy spending their summers relaxing. For many years, the lake habitats have been affected by pollution and habitat destruction. The market for fish is tremendous; so much so, that we have depleted our fishing resources, and have had to market on invasive species.

The Northern Snakehead, Channa argus, is a freshwater fish species native throughout eastern Asia but can be found worldwide due to incidental and purposeful introductions. In the United States there are many reports of several species of snakeheads that have been sold through aquarium trade in pet stores and purchased from live food fish trade (Maryland DNR, 2003). There are a total of four species of snakeheads that have been introduced in the United States: Northern snakehead (Channa argus), blotched snakehead (C. maculata), bullseye snakehead (C. marulius), and the giant snakehead (C. miicropeltes) and have though to been introduced through intentional releases from pet stores or accidental releases from the live fish trade (Maryland DNR,

Clostridium botulinum has strains ranging from A through E. Humans can get Type E Botulism if the toxin is ingested by eating an infected fish or animal (NYDEC 2015). Infection by botulism does not occur due to swimming in waters where affected fish or wildlife is found. However, cooking may not destroy the toxin, so it is recommended that ingestion of fish or game that show signs of illness be avoided. Symptoms of illness in birds include inability to hold their head up (drowning,) poor posture (dragging wings while standing,) and inability to fly. Affected fish usually die quickly, may swim erratically near the surface of the water, and are often seen washed up on shore.

The article examines the outbreak of CyHV-2 as exotic virus in goldfish species in Australia. The authors conduct an investigation to identify the possible route for the virus to be passed to Australia and they also evaluate a possibility of establishment of virus in domestic stock. The study also provides a very comprehensive information about the incursion of CyHV-2 in goldfish population. Moreover, the study suggested that the virus were passing the quarantine via sub-clinical infected gold fish. The finding suggested that the distribution of CyHV-2 in Australia have strong relationship with the goldfish retail outlet in Sydney. Furthermore, the theory that provided in the article is supported by well-known researchers such as Richard Wittington. In addition, the writing style also consider a wide range of audiences particularly people who really keen on studying fish health. This study is very relevant to my literature critique due to the similarity of the research areas that covering in this article. Moreover, the method (qPCR) that used in this study are very sensitive to figure out the CyHV-2 infection.

Anisakiasis is an infectious disease that affects a person that has eaten raw or undercooked fish or squid. It is transmitted by a parasite called a anisakid nematode. This is found in crustaceans that consume the larvae of infected marine mammal’s feces. After consuming the raw or undercooked fish or squid, a person may be infected with anisakiasis. An affected individual experiences a tingling in his/her throat and may have other symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Sometimes the person can cough up the nematode. If not, it has to be removed manually. In extreme situations, the nematode must be removed surgically.

Braithwaite claim is that we feel free to treat fish any way that we want, “Fish don't cry out or look sad or respond in a particularly recognizable way. So we feel free to treat them in a way that we would not treat mammals or even birds. Isn't there a drawling line?”(1). Fish to me are at the bottom of the food chain, which would you rather have a dog or a fish, a cat or a fish, a hamster or a fish, we already know which one we would pick. I believe that fish are nothing but food and that they are a good addition to your home like an ornament to a Christmas tree. Now you might think that my opinion is cruel but it is true that fish do not feel pain only discomfort. To them a hook in the mouth is a nuisance, inconvenience, or a bother, according to a team of neurobiologist, behavioral ecologists and fishery scientist their research has concluded that fish don't have neuro-physiological capacity for a conscious awareness for pain. Braithwaite says that if you rub vinegar on a cut or bee sting venom on the fish's lips that there gills beat faster, they rub the affected areas and that they lose interest in their food but that's their lips we catch fish by the jaw. My new acquaintances I sit by have told me that fish do feel pain because they wriggle around to get away from you, I say to that, no duh, if someone grabs you your first reaction is to pull away this is the fight or flight

The National Council for Protected Areas (CONAP) was the agency responsible for the direction of the collection of fishes after the fish kill. It is EPA’s understanding based on a discussion with members of CONAP that there is no standard procedure for the investigation of fish kills. The method CONAP adopted in crisis was a modification of a graduate student work on the Pasion River studying the interactions between nutria and devilfish. It is believed that gill nets were used to collect fish specimens from the Pasion River and specimens were preserved in formalin and sent to the University of Florida for necropsy analyses. The methods utilized to investigate the Pasion River kill are not sufficient to be able to produce an accurate estimate of the number of fish killed nor determine the economic valuation of the kill. Furthermore, specimens that have been preserved in formalin may not provide sufficient evidence of the cause of death.

A. simplex undergoes five larvae development stage (L1 – L5) before progress to adult. The hosts of A. simplex includes crustaceans, fish or squid and with the ultimate host of marine mammals. Human is the accidental host if raw or uncooked fish with infected A. simplex L3 are eaten as shown by Arlian et al. (2003). Out of the 14,000 cases of anisakiasis reported as at 2002, 95% are came from Japan and about 2,000 cases are reported each

monodon and P. vannamei. In china, Penaeus chinensis was also reported to be affected. Presence in Asia-Pacific AHPNS has been officially reported in China and Vietnam (2010), Malaysia (2011) and Thailand (2012).While it is apparent that the spread of AHPNS throughout the region, it also suggests an infectious or at least biological agent may be involved. So far, laboratory challenge tests have failed to demonstrate that the disease is transmissible and no infectious agent or toxin has been identified. Apart from that, the histopathology is a suggestive toxicity. Not to mention, the testing of the feeds from affected farms and two crustaceacides including cypermethrin have similarly failed to reproduce the disease. Moreover, the disease is not related to any of the known shrimp pathogens like WSSV, YHV, IMNV, and TSV. In conclusion, at this stage the cause is unknown, and the possibility of an infectious agent and/or toxin cannot be discounted ( Lightner & Flegel,

Zero parasites observed were indicated by 0. Ever since ectoparasites are readily exposed to the water quality, they are expected to be found in

Ciguatera fish poisoning is a diagnosis based upon a group of symptoms the quickly follow the ingestion of the carnivorous fish. You may notice symptoms as early as 15 minutes or as late as 24 hours after ingestion. Usually, symptoms are noticed within 6-12 hours after ingestion. Symptoms increase predominance and in severity over a period of 4-6 hours. This form of poisoning mainly affects major organ systems including the GI, neurologic, and cardiovascular. The toxin may be found in large reef fish, mostly grouper, barracuda, red snapper, amberjack, eel, sea bass, and Spanish mackerel. The area of concern include the Caribbean Sea, Hawaii, and coastal Central

The overfishing of our world’s oceans is causing a depletion of some prize fish, such as tuna and swordfish, to the point that some scientists believe that 90% of these big fish populations have been fished out. Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography published a study in 2001 in which he asserts that overfishing is more destructive than toxic pollution or degrading water quality (University of Phoenix, 2007). Dr. Daniel Pauly, Professor and Director of the University of British Columbia's Fisheries Centre, describes it as follow on The Overfishing.org  (2007) website: “The big fish, the bill

A total of 1000 cultured Nile-tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from different governmental and private fish farms and examined for detection of myxosporean parasites infection. The infected fish showed slight unilateral exophthalmia with whitish cyst in the eye. Numerous white cyst like plasmodia of Myxobolus dermatobius were recovered from the eye of the examined fish with low prevalence rate (1%). Small intact cyst was isolated , fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4) and prepared for electron microscopy examination. Ultrathin sections of Myxobolus dermatobius spore revealed pair of capsulogenic cells at the apical pole of the developing spore . Single sporoplasm containing a nucleus and sporoplasmosomes fills nearly all the space beneath the polar capsules . The later were pyriform in shape, each one had homogenous dense core and 4 turns of polar filaments. Ultrastructural characteristics of the present spore were described and discussed in detail.

This report was aimed to investigate the component and feature of a chosen area near a lake in Qinhuangdao No.1 Middle School. The result of the research showed the physical and biological components of the quadrat area and what were the negative impact drawn by human activity on the ecosystem. During the investigation, ruler and camera were used to collect data and pictures. Also, three tables, a food chain, and a food web were drawn to clearly illustrate the findings. In the third part, the classifications of the five