The Prevention Of Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer is when there are malignant cells present in the cervix; it is developed in the lining of the cervix. A cervix is a narrow opening located at the bottom of the uterus that leads into the vagina. Cervical cancer mostly affects women between the ages of 40 and 55. This cancer can be prevented by screening for precancerous cells, and it can also be cured if it is detected at an early stage. Over the past few decades the number of cervical cancer cases has declined dramatically due to a more widespread screening of the disease. Today, it is estimated that 10,000 new

Epidemiology, What? Is that even an English word? Epidemiology is the study of health and health concerns in a population with an emphasis on establishing cause and effect. Epidemiology looks at how the disease manifests and spreads through out a population that are a risk and come up with effective prevention and treatment.

The symptoms of cervical cancer are not always obvious thus the introduction of NHS cervical screening programme. The aim of the NHS Cervical Screening Programme is prevent the number women who die from cervical cancer each year due to not having early diagnoses. Since the introduction of the programme, a report was done between the NHS Cervical Screening Programme and Trent Cancer Registry it found that “Incidence and mortality rates in England have fallen considerably over the past 20 years. During this period, incidence rates decreased by over a third and mortality rates reduced by 60%. Survival, following a diagnosis of cervical cancer has improved in England since the 1980’s from the 83% to 88%”. (NHS, 2012, pp. P10-11).

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancerous death, in women, since 1950. Approximately 200,000 cervical cancer patients die each year in developing countries. Strains like HPV 16 and 18 cause about 70% of cervical cancer in women– one of the top causes of death in the world (WebMD, 2010, p.1). In the Unites States, about 10,000 women acquire the disease and 3,700 die annually Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is directly associated as a cause of cervical cancer. This virus affects the skin and genital area and, in some cases, it can also infect the throat and mouth. Since the HPV is passed from one person to another through skin-to-skin or sexual contact, sexually active people are more prone to this virus. Merck

In US cervical cancer is ranked 13th most common cancer in women and 4th among women between 15 to 44 years.

“4,210 deaths have occurred with cervical cancer.”(cancer.net) 12,820 women in the U.S will be diagnosed. If the cancer has spread from the cervix to other parts it’s a five year survival rate is 17 percent. The 5 year survival rate tells you what percent of women live at least 5 years after the cancer is found. The 5 year survival rate for all women with cervical cancer is 68%. For white women, the 5 year survival rate are 69%. For african american women the survival rate is 57%. “More than 15% of cases of cervical cancer are found in women over 65.” “(key statistics)” In the United States, Hispanic women are most likely to get cervical cancer, followed by African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders and whites. American Indians and Alaskan natives have the lowest risk of cervical cancer in this country. Cervical cancer rates for women have gone up every year for women and if we don’t find better treatments we won’t get to point of curing this

Cervical cancer is one of the highly popular disease for the women. Different programmes has been made up to fight against this deadly disease. New Zealand has one of the best screening programmes in the world. The establishment of National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in NZ in 1990 had reduced a significant number of 60% of women who develop cervical cancer and who die from it since it was built. More than 1 million New Zealander women are enrolled in this programme and 95 % are eligible. The Cervical Cancer screening programme aims to; informing women about the importance of having the cervical screening tests; promoting cervical screening tests on a regular basis to women aged 20–70; ensuring high-quality and culturally appropriate services; supporting women with abnormal tests; ensuring there is regular monitoring to see that the goals of the programme are being met. The NCSP also acknowledges the importance of the Treaty of Waitangi in providing a screening programme that is successful for all New Zealand women.

The study found a risk for cervical cancer among women in a family. The study also indicated that women are at risk for cervical cancer at a younger age if their mother or a sister had the disease (Peterson).

Cervical cancer is the cancer of the cells of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connect the body of the uterus to the vagina. It is made up of two parts: the endocervix and the exocervix. The endocervix is covered by glandular cells and the part of the cervix closest to the uterus. The excocervix is covered in squamous tissue and is the part of the cervix closest to the vagina. The squamous and glandular cells meet at the transformation zone and this is where most cervical cancer. There are 3 types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas. Up to nine out of ten cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinomas and starts in the exocervix. Adenocarcinomas develops in the

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix, which is the entrance to the uterus through the vagina. There are glandular cells lining the inside of the cervix and they produce mucus. The cervix is covered with a layer of skin-like cells on the other surface, called ‘ectocervix. These cells of the ectocervix and glandular cells can become cancerous, by malignant tumours from cells that are able to invade the surrounding tissue and organs causing serious damage to it, by abnormal cell growth and tumour in the area. The area of the cervix that is most likely to be prone to cancer, is the opening area of the cervix or space within the cervix called the ‘endocervical canal’. This area is the narrow passage way which gives

Cervical cancer is second among the most common cancer that affects women globally. The challenge towards the measures taken to reduce the disease among women is the lack of proper information on the link between the disease itself and the leading cause of it. The disease can be reduced by limiting sexual partners and practicing safe sex, which are challenging and difficult to promote. Therefore, one of the effective ways towards reducing the various cases of cervical cancer is through the HPV vaccination. Most women do not have the information on the connection between cervical cancer and HPV. Consequently, there is the uncertainty among women

Cervical cancer malignant cancer of the cervix uteris or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts using the Pap smear. About 2.2 percent of women carry one of the 2 virus strains most likely to lead to cervical cancer. One of the symptoms of Cervical Cancer is very Unusual amount of discharge.

Among all the diseases, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Many people become at risk to develop certain types of cancer due to their lifestyle. In contrast with the life style, there are other people who are at risk to develop a cancer from their inherited genes. Regardless of the cause or the risk factor, cancer can be prevented. An early screening is the key factor in cancer prevention. The National Clearinghouse sets some guidelines in cancer preventions. From of this guideline, the cervical cancer is the one that is selected of screening methodology to rule out cancer.

In the United States, it is one of the eight-most common cancer of women. According to researches, the data shows that Hispanic women are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer than the general population and their median age at diagnosis is 48. In 1998, about 12,800 women were diagnosed in the US and about 4,800 died. Among cancers of the female reproductive tract, it is less common than endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. The rates of new cases in the United States was 7 per 100,000 women in 2004. Cervical cancer deaths decreased by approximately 74% in the

Three separate randomized controlled trials for cervical screening have been conducted among Indian women of the