The Problem Of Global Warming

Climate change is one of the most important challenges of humankind in this century. The ability to adapt, mitigate and reduce carbon emissions will be decisive to preserve the world for future generations. The last IPCC report has provided more evidence regarding the rise in temperature and sea level. Apparently, additional 2°C above the pre-industrial average temperature levels is unavoidable, and it will continue at that level due the accumulation of gases in the atmosphere (Solomon 2009). Climate change will affect people all around the world in different ways, though the capacity to cope with it is different among regions and countries. The Latin America region is notably susceptible to climate change, due its geographical position, population location and its economy relying in natural resources (Vergara et. al. 2013a). The withdrawal of the coral biome, glaciers melting, jungles & forest savannization and strongest climate events are only some of the threats that will affect their inhabitants.

Evidence of Climate Change is being felt around the world. The most vulnerable areas are the least developed, which lack public instruments and infrastructure to adapt to the extreme effects of climate. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is vital to slow the progress of climate change, however, adapting to the consequences of this intensified climate crisis by the human being itself is key. Some countries understand it, others just cannot do too much about it. New evidence shows that Climate Change has affected many sectors in Asia. Crop yields in several countries have declined, due in part to increased temperature and external weather events. The retreat of glaciers and permafrost in Asia in recent years has no precedent and is a consequence

Take a deep breath and imagine it is Sunday morning. The birds are chirping, the air is crisp with freshness, and the sun is radiating at a perfect temperature of 62 degrees. The coast is a 6-minute drive away, and this is the perfect day to take a short journey to the rocky shore and splash in the water. However, there is one problem, an action such as driving to the beach front will almost certainly contribute to the destructive effects of climate change. Due to this claim, is it then morally obligatory to not go on this Sunday morning drive in an effort to prevent greenhouse gas emissions?

Climate change has the potential to transform food production, especially the patterns and productivity of crops, livestock, and fishery systems; and to reconfigure food distribution, markets, and access (Nelson et al., 2009). Chen et al. (2012) observed that climate change has already had a negative impact on Asia through extreme temperatures, frequent flooding and droughts, sea level rise, and increased salinity of water supplies for rainfed agricultural areas. Most Asian countries are quite dependent on their domestic supplies of rice. The International Rice Commission (2003) indicates that Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam are the major producers of rice, producing more than 70% of the world’s volume. The Asian rice-producing countries tend to consume most of their domestic rice production. Nevertheless, Thailand and Vietnam are able to export some rice to neighboring countries such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Dasgupta et al. (2009) identified ten developing countries whose land areas are most exposed to the potential threat of a one-meter rise in sea level. Among the countries most affected by sea level rise are Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, and Vietnam and these are all rice-growing and rice-consuming countries. Using a partial equilibrium global rice trade model, Chen et al. (2012) investigated the potential impact of sea level rise combined with climate-induced crop yield change on global rice

Climate change, a problem affecting many things, is affecting everyone, even if you do not notice it directly. That is when it can hurt the most. It is affecting agriculture all around the world which means, our food sources, economy, and many other important parts of life are feeling the effect of climate change. From what we know today, Africa, Latin America, and South Asia together, in 2011, accounted for approximately ninety-five percent of the world’s agricultural population. Other places, however, in Northern European, Asian, and American countries, agricultural productivity many even temporarily increase. This can increase because rising CO2 levels can stimulate plant growth, although, this can decrease nutritional value.

While many developed countries have adopted effective techniques of fighting climate change, developing countries have found it difficult to do so as a result of the fragile economy in these areas. Agriculture is one of the principal domains that experiences difficulties as a result of climate change and individuals in developing countries are unable to counter its effects.

The three problems caused by climate change are, rise in sea level, varied energy demand, and water scarcity. Firstly, the impact on costal areas contributing to sea level rise has made low-lying cities vulnerable to them. Hunt and Watkiss (2011, p. 32) estimates that a 50 m raise in sea level would render Mumbai’s informal communities in severe despair. Moreover, climate change will lead to variation in energy demand. Hunt and Watkiss (2011, p. 33) explain even though winter heating will decrease due to warmer weather, cooling anticipated increasing in summer, increasing GHG

Although a number of studies have previously been conducted in Bangladesh to investigate the effect of increased temperature and CO2 concentration on rice cultivars (Karim et al. 1994; Mahmood 1998; Mahmood et al. 2004), but less attention has been devoted to modeling studies for rice production (Basak et al. 2010; Karim et al. 2012). Most of the previous studies did not address the effects of climate warming with and without CO2 fertilization under the simulation schemes of different regions in Bangladesh. However, it is yet to find any study which focuses on the regional spatiotemporal yield variations of rice and potential adaptation strategies under future climate change in Bangladesh. Spatiotemporal yield variation studies are essential to identify

A changing and variable climate presents major threats to the stability of socio-economic systems in the IGAD region due to the pressure imposed on the available natural resources, effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the frequency and severity of climate extreme events and the subsequent the impact on human well-being. The IGAD countries lie within the tropics hence exposed to tropical

adaptations to climate change, in 2010, the World Bank estimated the costs of adaptation to climate change by 2050. These costs will reach $6.59billion by 2030. Additionally, it was estimated that Bangladesh will have to invest $40 billion from 2015 to 2030 “in order to implement identified adaptation measures” (INDC, 2015).

Farmers in IGP derive their livelihoods through a variety of non-, on-, and off-farm sources; all of which vary across the sites. At all sites, the majority of the farm-families predominantly pursue agriculture-based livelihood strategies through intensification and diversification. In Bihar and Terai, livelihoods of the majority of the farmers depend on food crops (Table 3). Livestock, including fisheries, is a major source of livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh. Besides this, households in coastal Bangladesh depend on fuelwood for energy and/or as a source of livelihoods by selling fuelwood. In general, there are multiple sources of livelihood at all sites. As there is no exact single livelihood source across the sites, diversification of livelihoods is a common strategy followed by the rural communities to adapt to uncertainty (ICIMOD 2009), coping with the varieties of risks (Turner et al. 2003; Marschke and Berkes 2006) and ensuring food security (Hailu and Hassen 2012). The implication of diversification of on-farm livelihoods is that some of them may be short-term coping mechanisms which may lead to adaptation to vagaries of climatic and non-climatic risks (Marschke and Berkes 2006).

All these changes tend to contribute to reduce agricultural productivity resulting in either increased prices or food shortages. While other impacts of climate change include increased forest fires due to the extended dry period, and increase pest and diseases of crops, livestock and human population (LFP, 2010). Thus, the unparalleled impacts of climate change extended to effects on ecosystem, health, food production, water resources, agriculture and livelihood (IPCCC, 2001). With developing countries like Nepal on the frontline, climate change puts and extra burden on the existing social and economic challenges that they already face (UNFCCC, 2007).

Abstract— Climatic conditions of Nepal vary from one place to another in accordance with the geographical features. Climate change is changing our economy, health and communities in diverse ways. The effects of rising temperatures are not only melting glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting animals on the move. The erratic rainfalls and increase in frequency of extreme events such as floods and drought. Most of the big rivers of Nepal are glacier-fed and its main resources of water and hydroelectricity will be seriously affected due to the ongoing changes in glacier reserves, snowfall and natural hazards. Nepal is largely a mountainous country and current indications are that the mountain regions are more vulnerable due to increased warming trends high variation in altitude with in very short distances. These alarming trends not only make Nepal 's major sectors of economy such as agriculture, tourism and energy more vulnerable but also endanger the health, safety and wellbeing of Nepali people. The main objective of the study is to identify the impacts of climate change on the development paradigm of the country in context of water resources. The prophecy behind this study is to add the future development of Nepal regarding poverty alleviation, social equity, security and welfare. The climate change trends and its impacts may differ in various local regions, it has affected Nepal with less monsoonal rains across the high mountains and

Bangladesh is located in South Asia. It is the seventh most populous country in the world and is mostly densely inhabited. The poverty level, however, has fallen by more than 20%, helped by its prominent agricultural sector. The Bangladeshi economy is helped by its big garment sector, which contributes more than two-thirds of the country’s trade. The major challenge to prosperous growth is the vulnerability of the land to cyclones and floods. However, even with such challenges, Bangladesh has experienced a growth rate of 5% since 1990. This growth has been helped by remittances from expatriates as well.

Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries with a low resource base, a burgeoning population with a very low land-man ratio, often threatened by both natural & anthropogenic stresses. The vast majority of the population lives almost exclusively on the natural resource base. This resource base is under serious threat and environmental planning is essential for the survival with dignity for Bangladesh’s over 115 million people & for sustainability of the echo system.