The problem of suffering is not limited to human society. The awareness of evils, present not only in human society but also in the physical and biological levels, is raised among scientists and theologians who participate in theology-science dialogue. Not only animals but also plants experience sufferings and pains to a certain extent. On the physical level, the increase of entropy according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics is regarded as analogous to the notion of evil on the physical level. Even though the prevalence of evil in the world raises a question as to the goodness of a god in any religion, “The problem is particularly pressing for Abrahamic faiths that insist on God’s fairness, love, and goodness.” In that vein, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen appositely and acutely points out, “Rampant suffering and acts of evil in the world, both in relation to humanity (moral evil) and to nature (natural evil), constitute a major atheistic challenge concerning the existence of God.” In this paper, rather than presenting a full-scale theodicy, I engage with the problem of theodicy through careful comparative study between Wolfhart Pannenberg’s and Catherine Keller’s theodical arguments in the context of their dialogue with modern physics and biology. Pannenberg sees that theology and natural science are to be placed in hypothetical consonance , whereas Keller takes an assimilationist approach to theology-science dialogue. The divergence of their interdisciplinary
owe to prove his thesis about the problems of evil and atheism, Rowe asks three fundamental questions. The first question, “is there an argument for atheism based on the problem of evil that could rationally justify atheism?” Supporting his question, Rowe by uses the idea of human and animal suffering.is it reasonable for omnipotent, omniscient being(s) to permits its creation to suffer by extinguish each other for their own personal benefits. If there is such a thing as an omnibenevolent, omnipotent holy being how come the ultimate and unescapable suffering is this world has no vanish. How good is a god(s) that permits humanity to suffer greatly? In religious Christian Bible study, Jesus, many times referred to as god, vanish evil from
Is suffering meaningless? How can God allow suffering? Conversations on theodicy revolve around questions of the existence of evil. “All evil refers to suffering,” according to Emmanual Levinas. This paper examines the relationship between theodicy and suffering as presented in Levinas’ essay, “Useless Suffering,” and its impact on ethical responsibility. This paper will begin by exploring Levinas’ understanding of suffering and the uselessness of theodicy when it results in the explanation of suffering rather than relating to the Other. It will then move to explore the ethical responsibility one has to the Other, concluding by making the argument that theodicy must be understood in light of one’s ethical responsibility to the Other.
The theist, therefore, appears to be faced with a choice between a view which implies a kind of moral chaos and a life of moral immaturity, and one which belittles an Almighty God. One attempt to resolve this dilemma turns on the distinction
When natural disasters hit an area, the only way to relieve major suffering is with the help of foreign aid. Major suffering from lack of food, shelter, and medical aid in developing countries is an easily avoidable dilemma. I will present you with Peter Singers’ Basic Argument regarding our moral obligation to relieve suffering that he presents in his paper “Famine, Affluence and Mortality”. There are two problems of spatial distance and shared obligations that help to show the universality of Singer’s Prevention-Principle. Then there are three questions Kekes asks Singer in his paper “On the Supposed Obligation to Relieve Famine” regarding the Prevention-Principle. He displays potential problems for the current principle as described by Singer. The revised version of the principle, after considering the problems, does not support Singer’s original conclusion. In Affluent Countries we should drastically change our moral conceptual schemes and give up luxuries to provide aid to those in developing nations.
There is one question that everyone asks but to which no one knows the answer: "Why do bad things happen to good people?" The misfortunes of good people raise problems not only for those who suffer, but also for everyone who wants to believe in a just and livable world and in a fair and compassionate God. Rabbi Kushner, author of "Why Do Bad Things Happen To Good People", attempts to bring light to this difficult question. In doing so he evaluates past attempts to explain suffering, offers his own approach to the justification of suffering in today's society, and makes suggestions for how one can deal with suffering and continue his or her journey into the future. This essay will examine these
Imagine a world where happiness is given to you. Happiness is not worked for nor earned, you just get it. Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World, is a novel written in 1932, where Huxley predicts the future of humankind. At the time, Henry Ford was famous for the cheap mass production of the T-model cars using the assembly line. Thus, Huxley predicts a future in which people from the World State(the society he predicts the future will hold) are engineered in test tubes and conditioned to be one of the castes in their society. In this society, the characteristics and emotions that makes humans human are banned. Families, love, passion, literature, natural birth, religion and monogamy are banned because
In the article “Displacing Suffering: The Reconstruction of Death in North American and Japan”, Margaret Lock’s discusses her thesis, which is to bring forward the disputes between “death” and organ transplants as conceptualized by the North American and Japanese cultures (210). The main point that she makes lies within each culture’s definition of “death”, the kinds of implications they carry, and how they impact their societies’ approaches to organ transplants. The subject of organ transplants is much broader of a topic than it initially seems, especially since the conceptualization of death determines how a culture may react to a situation where it is up to a single surgeon to determine one’s life or death. There exist many problems with organ transplants (such as legal issues, philosophical disputes, and emotional distraught), let alone the ethical disagreements concerning life and death between these two cultures of Lock’s focus.
The age old question that is still being debated. In this essay I hope to answer a few of the big questions such as: How can a good God allow suffering? Why does evil exist? Is God like many have attributed to Him, a watchmaker, who winds us up and lets it go until it runs out? How could God allow the Holocaust? The theological field of inquiry called “theodicy”, which investigates the basic question: If God is all powerful (omnipotent), all knowing (omniscient), and all-good, (omni-benevolent) how can evil and injustice exist? Since reading Elie Wiesel’s soul shattering Night, this topic seemed fitting. I will provide rational and logical arguments as to why these things occur and how God can still be who He says He is. I will be stating dispassionately the critics of a free-will defense such as J.L Mackie and B.C Johnson, and then I will proceed to offer my responses. After having read Wiesel’s account, my heart only broke more and my mind was spinning with the question itself of How could God allow this? However, we can be mad at God for the Holocaust or for other human tragedies, but this is like a teenager who begs you to let him drive a car - promising to be responsible -, gets drunk, crashes in to a telephone pole, and then blames you for giving him the keys. If we agree that humanity must have free will, we must accept the consequences of its decisions. As Elie Wiesel wrote, “After the Holocaust I did not loose faith in God. I lost faith in mankind.”
My topic today is about suffering. God allows us to suffer, though He always has a good purpose for our agonies, even when that purpose is inscrutable to us. Everything has a good and bad side, and therefore, we cannot say that suffering is bad. God shows us the challenges and obstacles so that we could grow stronger, and be more grateful for the things we already have. Though suffering hurts us, emotionally or physically, it also protects us from the greater evil, reminds us of God’s love, and lifts us to a far greater view to see what is good and bad. We must also understand that God never leaves us when we suffer. Through these challenges and troubles, God shows his love by bring our friends and family together to aid us through our misery.
William Rowe defines gratuitous evil as an instance of intense suffering which an omnipotent, omniscient being could have prevented without thereby losing some greater good or permitting some evil equally bad or worse.(Rowe 335) In a world with so much evil it raises the questions If God is all powerful, all knowing and all good, how can he allow bad things to happen to good people? Can God even exist in a world with so such gratuitous evil? These are questions that has afflicted humanity for a very long time and has been the question to engross theologians for centuries. The existence of evil has been the most influential and powerful reason to disprove the existence of God. It is believed among many theist that God is the creator and caretaker
One of the oldest dilemmas in philosophy is also one of the greatest threats to Christian theology. The problem of evil simultaneously perplexes the world’s greatest minds and yet remains relatively close to the hearts of the most common people. If God is good, then why is there evil? These facts about evil and suffering seem to conflict with the orthodox theist claim that there exists a perfectly good God. The challenged posed by this apparent conflict has come to be known as the problem of evil. If God were all-knowing, it seems that God would know about all the horrible things that happen in our world. If God were all-powerful, God would be able to do something about all the evil and suffering. Furthermore, if God were morally
Buddhism was rooted from Hinduism. In Buddhism there are the four passing sights of human suffering which were: sickness, aging, death and he sees a monk. Each of these essence represents something that goes on universal. In a society when we are younger, older people always say that we should enjoy our days while we are young. As we grow older things sometimes some bodies will start to deteriorate and not function as well which sometimes can lead to death. Sickness also presents another universal. Around the world, there are a various number of diseases that inflict people every day from minor effects like a cold to life threatening like MRSA or cancer. Many people may have a family member who has been affected by these diseases or we know
The human suffering shown through this image is the concept of being homeless, no food or water with easy access and no roof on top of you head. These people are suffering, living in the natural conditions of their city and not being able to prevent the natural conditions to getting to their body and health. An example of this includes not being able to stay warm during the cold seasons and this can’t be prevented. They would have to deal with it. The thought of sleeping on the floor everyday for the rest of your life frightens me personally. Not being able to go home to a bed or couch, but go home to an old, rugged sleeping bag and one or two bags that have any or no simple food.
Being the first born, I feel I lived a very sheltered life. It was important to both of my parents that I was happy, lived in a nice home, participated in everything that I wanted, and had the things necessary for life. It was also important to them that I did not get hurt. They tried to protect me for the truths of the world, such as death and suffering and pain. Growing up in the area that I did made that easy. Coming from a small area, I was not exposed to poverty or many deaths but I was exposed to love. No matter how much my parents tried to protect me, the truth of the matter is that someday I would be exposed to the many things they tried
ABSTRACT: Curiously, in the late twentieth century, even agnostic cosmologists like Stephen Hawking—who is often compared with Einstein—pose metascientific questions concerning a Creator and the cosmos, which science per se is unable to answer. Modern science of the brain, e.g. Roger Penrose's Shadows of the Mind (1994), is only beginning to explore the relationship between the brain and the mind-the physiological and the epistemic. Galileo thought that God's two books-Nature and the Word-cannot be in conflict, since both have a common author: God. This entails, inter alia, that science and faith are to two roads to the Creator-God. David Granby recalls that once upon a time,