The Problem Of The Aviation Industry

At the present time, the airline industry faces many cost pressures. The industry has made remarkable achievements in improving its efficiency. But cost pressures continue, from record high fuel prices to unjustified increases in charges from monopolistic airports, to further taxes imposed by governments (industryspotlight.org.uk). Higher costs inevitably lead to higher prices for airline passengers. Aviation is vital part of the United Kingdom. It is not only crucial in sponsoring almost 1 million jobs and £50 billion of GDP, providing around £8.7 billion in taxes to the Treasury of the country, but aviation is also fundamental to the success of economic benefits from air transport in the United Kingdom (Roberts-Hughes, 2014). Aviation supports exports, services, manufacturing, foreign direct investment and of course tourism. This sector gives us opportunity for the holidays and visits of family and friend in different parts of a country and also around the world.

Nowadays, the growing public awareness of the impact of aircraft emissions on the environment forces the aviation stakeholders to search for environmentally friendly solutions. The relation between aircraft emissions and climate change relies heavily on fossil fuels. Indeed, when an aircraft burns fuel, several pollutants that alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere are produced and released into the sky. One of the principal pollutants emitted from aviation is the carbon dioxide (CO2); a greenhouse gas well known for its contribution to global warming. For each kilogram of fuel consumed, a typical engine of a commercial aircraft produces on average 3.15 kilograms of CO2 [X]. In comparison to other modes of transport, the aviation industry is responsible for 2.5% of global carbon dioxide emissions [X]. Although this percentage may seem relatively small, it has in reality a disproportionate large impact on the environment. Indeed, around 80% of aviation emissions are emitted from flights of over 5,000 feet, and as pointed out by Lee et al. in [X], the impact per kilogram of CO2 emissions at high-altitudes on climate change is about twice that of emissions at ground-level. Faced with this awareness, the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) has recognized the need to address the global challenge of climate change and has set the ambitious goal of reducing the aviation carbon footprint by 50% by 2050, relative to 2005 levels [X].

Rising fuel prices has a huge impact on the airline industry. In an article published by the New York Times in 2007, oil prices were hovering ‘near $100 a barrel’ which caused the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to ‘slash’ their predicted profits for 2008 from ‘$7.8 billion to $5 billion’ (Clark, 2007). In 2008 high fuel prices were ‘dominant factor’ in the losses that faced the industry, and continued to same effect in 2009 (Dunn, 2009). Diagram 2 shows how fuel price has increased and fallen over the last 5 years.

“You haven’t seen a tree until you have seen its shadow from the sky.” Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly a solo nonstop trans-Atlantic aircraft, spoke these words about the joys of flight in 1932. She and others, such as Orville and Wilbur Wright, Charles H. Lindbergh, and Frank Whittle, recognized early on how aviation would change our view of the world. Since these early discoveries of aviation, society has relied on flight as a primary means for safe transportation. This feeling of security was challenged on September 11, 2001, when nineteen hijackers took control of four commercial airliners and aimed the planes at targets in the United States. These terrorists’ attacks, referred to as 9/11, created the need for improved airport and airline security and reformed the United States Government’s entire security strategy and infrastructure.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Low standards (safety, environment) Airlines do not contribute to regional economy Slow

In this chapter, it was tried to describe a new perspective for the future aviation industry fuel provision. Considering serious constrictions ruled by CAAA, it is of high probability that Avgas, the current conventional aviation fuel, will be forbidden because of air polluting problem it causes and the fact that it contains considerable amounts of lead element which is hazardous. Ethanol, as a green biofuel, has a promising production potential to be introduced as an alternative fuel according to the current aviation market capacity. Advantages and disadvantages of ethanol usage as an aviation alternative was fully described. The necessary airplane engine modification was mentioned to compensate some of ethanol drawbacks along with some case

In 2012, the amount of petroleum used every day skyrocketed to an all-time high of 88.9 million barrels used per day. (Energy, 2013) With such a huge dependency on fossil fuels today, it is critical that the world finds ways to increase efficiency to a maximum. That is why in most industries, new technology is always being produced that increases the efficiency of the machines, for example the aircraft industry. By simply adding afterburners in a jet turbine, excess jet fuel is not wasted, eliminating byproducts released into the atmosphere while gaining extra

Aviation Industry plays an important role in the economic growth of anation. It not only promotes international trade but also provides an effective and fastest means of transportation across the globe. Today, in the world of globalization and cut throat competition the value of time has become more precious.

Aircraft maintenance is very important for aviation industry and Aircraft are required to be maintained after a period of calendar time or flight hours or flight cycles. Aircraft maintenance is the inspection, repair, overhaul, modification of aircraft or aircraft component. Aircraft maintenance generally includes such tasks those tasks required to restore or maintain an aircraft’s systems, components, and structures with Airworthiness Directives or Service Bulletins and this is highly regulated, in order to ensure safe and correct functioning during flight. Aircraft maintenance requirements vary for different size and types of aircraft, experience which most aircraft need various type of preventive maintenance every 25 hours or less of flying time, and minor maintenance at least every 100 hours. Maintenance is influenced by some kind of operation, climatic conditions, storage facilities, age, and construction of the airplane. The profession of Aircraft maintenance requires extreme knowledge and adept expertise in performing the ingrained tasks. The aircraft maintenance engineer who is on duty he has a great responsibility to work professionally to ensure the safety of aircraft, customers and maintain the reputation of the team or company. The aircraft maintenance engineer normally works in an aircraft hangar and line maintenance and The aircraft maintenance engineer will undertake a number of processes including They may specialize by working on particular aeronautical

The world as we know it to be is recently very ill. Due to much effect of human activity, global temperature is rising at a fast rate per year, which leads to serious changes in climate and weather. This results in aviation industries to be badly affected as the changes will lead to flight delays and bumper flights due to mid air turbulence. Thus Emirates does take this factor into serious considerations and started carrying out its “Go Green” plan in 2011 to reduce emition of greenhouse gases. Airplanes can cause an increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) thus Emirates carry out its flight operations using Biofuel. Though its expensive, usage of Biofuels for its engines does save for a better environment. Emirates also carried out a “Recycling” plan in 2009 by recycling its jets of those that are old and out of

Aviation contributes approximately 2 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, a figure which is projected to grow through 2050. Although fuel efficiency has improved by nearly 16 percent since the 1990s, future technologies—including better flight patterns, more-efficient engines, and alternative fuels—have promise for further emissions reductions. The profitability challenges of the early twenty-first century, however, affect the industry's ability to invest in new technology. (Hill, 2010 17-22)

On a cold February evening in 2009, just outside the city of Buffalo, New York, two pilots crashed a new aircraft on final approach to land into Buffalo Niagara International Airport. In an effort to prevent an accident of a similar nature from happening, the U.S. Congress passed H.R. 5900, the ‘Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act.’ This bill under Title II was aimed to enhance airline safety and in part prevent an accident of this nature from occurring again (U.S. House 2010). Section 217 of the bill pushes the minimum hours required to act as a pilot on a regional carrier up to 1,500 total flight hours and requires those persons to do an extensive Air

Consequently, another new challenge which the airline industry is currently undergoing is the ability to find a greener solution to fuel so that aviation is not purely dependent on fossil fuels. Some sources of literature have alleged biofuels to not be the answer to cleaner fuels as although the direct emissions from airplanes powered by a biofuel mix may be reduced, the indirect emissions through producing biofuels are significant. Biofuels create a lot of pressures on carbon sinks through the way they are cropped causing strains on the land and rainforests (Bringezu et al, 2009), which adds to the greenhouse effect, furthermore increasing climate change. Due to the size of land required of biofuel production, it can also threaten biodiversity of flora and fauna and

The main contributor to carbon emissions, and the primary factor of the environmental impact of aviation, is jet engines. Two ways that an airline company can save on fuel expenses, and the subsequent impact to the environment, is through altering takeoff procedures and investing in more fuel-efficient engines. Fuel requirements for takeoff

The aerospace industry is a sovereign, high-tech, performing industry, which is essential for the French economy as it creates prosperity for the country and aggrandizes its international reputation. France’s export success is the evidence that its products own the necessary quality and competitiveness, as more than 75 percent of its consolidated incomes are realized through exportation. This industry profile is a useful tool to help investors understand the emergence of the French aerospace industry, as it aims to analyze the evolution of the sector and the influence of different factors and developments on its existence. The French aerospace industry is divided in six different market segments: civil and military