The Process And Implications Of Bone Remodeling

| - as the patient starts to use (or bear weight on) the bone, the bone starts to remodel along lines of maximal stress (this remodeling process requires the activity of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

Throughout a lifetime, old bone is removed (resorption) and new bone is added (formation) to the skeleton. During childhood and teenage years, new bone is added faster than old bone is removed. Consequently, bone become larger, heavier, and denser. Bone formation continues at a pace faster than resorption until peak bone mass, which is reached around age 30. After age 30, bone resorption slowly exceeds bone formation. In women, bone loss is most rapid in the first years after menopause but persists throughout the postmenopausal years. Based on year 2000 census data, it is estimated that 55% of people age 50 and older have either osteoporosis or low bone mass. The major risk

What are the roles of osteoclasts in bone formation? Osteoclasts are large cells that function to reabsorb, or to digest bone tissue. They digest bone tissue from the inner sides of bones thus enlarging the inner bone cavity so that the bone does not become overly thick and heavy.

Osteoporosis is an age-related disease of the skeletal system characterized by both low bone mass and bone structural degeneration (Nunes, 2011). Understanding osteoporosis is important because it is continues to be overlooked and undertreated, causing high numbers of bone fractures each year –in the elderly, these bone fractures can be debilitating or even life threatening (Eastell, 2009). Osteoporosis manifests when an imbalance between bone resorption and bone rebuilding occurs – this is due to changes in osteoclast and osteoblast activity. I chose this topic because osteoporosis affects millions of people, and research will allow me to better understand this common yet complex, and very perilous bone disease.

The pathophysiology of how strong bone becomes osteoporotic is an interesting process. The body is continuously trying to maintain a sense of homeostasis and keep every cell and organ within the body at a constant state of happiness. During the homeostatic process, cells of bone are continuously undergoing processes of formation and resorption. This all-inclusive progression of building up bone occurs throughout life and is the key in modifying bones during trauma or just natural growth (Van der Kamp, 2012). Bone cells that assist with formation of bone are called osteoclasts, and bone cells that assist with the resorption of bone are called osteoclasts.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease that disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. It is an important disease for public health to address as it greatly contributes to frailty and risk of injury, largely due to fractures, and the associated burdens on the health care system. Literally translating to “porous bones”, osteoporosis occurs when bones lose their density, and the inner bone matrix becomes much more brittle (Figure 1).1,2 Health adult bones are in a constantly dynamic state, with living cells that multiply to grow and repair bones as we age. Bones structurally consist of a hard, calcified outer layer, and an inner matrix made of collagen and non-collagen proteins.3 Healthy bone mass, and the structure of this inner matrix, is maintained through processes called resorption and remodeling.1 Resorption occurs as some cells dissolve bone matrix for the body to reabsorb and reuse the minerals, and remodeling occurs simultaneously as other cells deposit new bone matrix proteins to replace the dissolved minerals. Each remodeling activity is associated with a slight net loss in bone mass, and as such, healthy adults achieve peak bone density in their early 20s, and bone density gradually declines thereafter.1,4

* Guide To Using The Bone Mechanics Series. (n.d.). The Biomechanics of Bone Tissue Part I by Jacob Wilson. Retrieved from http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/magazine03/bonemechanics1.htm

Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization as “a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue with consequential increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture” This condition is a result of an imbalance in the normal processes of “ bone formation” and “bone reabsorption” which work together to maintain bone strength.” (Leyland, S. 2013) The purpose of this paper is to educate the reader about bone and joint health and how it effects the elderly population. The topic of this paper is osteoporosis.

Bones never finish growing. It is renewed throughout life by a twopart remodeling process, resorption and formation. During resorption, osteoclast cells break down minerals and remove old bone tissue. During formation, osteoblast

Two hundred and six individual bones compose the adult human skeleton. In addition to providing structure and protection for our most vital organs, bones store minerals and aid in blood cell production. They are considered to be just as much a vital organ as the heart or liver. Under normal circumstances, throughout a person’s life as older bone is broken broken down it is immediately rebuilt and replaced but when there is an imbalance in this delicate cycle the bones integrity becomes compromised. Osteoporosis, meaning porous bone, is a disease that occurs when an individual loses too much bone mass, makes to little or a combination of both. This imbalance leaves the bones weak and brittle putting an individual at risk for break or

This paper will discuss the composition and cells of bone, different types and organization of bone, bone remodeling, bone development in children, and bone fractures

The trabecular bone is a form of osseous tissue that is found in the proximal and distal ends of long bones, along with the bones of the skull, pelvis, ribs and the vertebral bodies. The trabecular bone undergoes remodeling every two to eight months in order to accommodate the load of physiological stress and mechanical forces on the bone (Huiskes et al. 2000). Bone remodeling is the reshaping or replacement of bone during growth and following injuries such as fractures, but it also occurs in cases of micro-damage (Kini and Nandeesh, 2012). This supports Wolff’s Law, which states if loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel over time to strengthen itself to resist that type of loading (Frost, 1994) The use of trabecular

Aging interacts mainly with bone deposition than bone resorption. The supply of osteoblasts, which deposit bone, as compared to demand is progressively declining with aging. After the third decade of life, bone

The bone tissue in osteoblasts is constantly being reshaped which form new bone when the previous bone has been fractured, making the new bone much stronger and harder to break. They are found in the bone marrow are known as structural cells. They work in a team to build new bone and produce new bone called ‘osteoid’ which is made up of bone college and other proteins. They have the power to control the levels of calcium and mineral deposition. When they are done filling in a cavity, the cells become flat and line the surface of the bone and then are called ‘lining cells’. They respond to hormones by making special proteins that activate the osteoclasts. Once they have secreted the matric they become less reactive and maintain the matrix. When the area surrounding an osteoblast hardens, the osteoblast becomes trapped and transforms into an osteocyte which is the mature type of bone