Question 1: The Perie process in application
The P.E.R.I.E. process is illustrated in this case by the steps taken to address the issue of smoking rates in adults, being impacted by the rise in adolescent smoking behaviors. The first step of this process is the Problem. In this case, the text indicates, the problem is the growth rate of smoking teens in the 80’s and 90’s (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). This in turn, led to an increase in adult smokers. This would raise rates again, after previously lowering them by approximately 50% (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). The next step is Etiology. In this step we correlate smoking with cancer and the rise of adult smoking rates with the growth of adolescent smoking rates. This in turn, correlates adolescent cigarette smoking, to the rises in cancer (morbidity), and deaths from cancer (mortality). The case study also states, “…it was also found that nearly 90% of those who smoked started before the age of 18…” (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). It was determined through behavior modification (preventing adolescent smoking), the rate of adult smokers would reduce. Thus, recommendations were introduced. The case study reveals, adolescents were targeted in cigarettes advertisements and marketing (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). Cigarette availability was also an issue. Implementations of sales and advertisement campaign policies, were altered in reference to miners. The text reveals, once evaluated, strategies to reduce adolescent smoking
Tobacco companies advertise in magazines, promote their products in convenience stores and market their brands through websites and social networks. Many of these tobacco industries get publicity and attract more young customers when using the newly in media to promote their products. Many of these tobacco companies don’t understand that tobacco advertising is a huge public health issue that increases smoking. Tobacco company advertising and promoting is the start of the use of tobacco among teenagers. Now, these media and magazine advertisements about cigars have caused teenagers to be exposed to cigarette advertising. Not only that but also these teenagers find ads appealing and also increase their desire to smoke. Cigarette companies spent about $8.37 billion on advertising and promotional expenses in the United States in 2011.
Over the last few decades, tobacco and nicotine prevention efforts have risen to an all time high. Prevention efforts focus on education to the public of the negative effects on one’s health when using tobacco and nicotine products, as well as with pleas to healthcare policymakers to increase restrictions on product manufacturing and sales. One policy effort growing in popularity in the United States is called Tobacco 21, which proposes to raise the legal age of purchase for consumers of tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years of age (Farber, Pakhale, & Neptune, 2016). Farber, Pakhale, and Neptune (2016) state that 90% of tobacco and nicotine users begin smoking before the age of 18, with 99% of users starting before the age of 26. Lower smoking cessation rates are associated with earlier ages of initiation and the tobacco industry is known to target youth in advertisement of these products lending to the early age of initiation. The tobacco industry themselves admit that increasing the age allowed for purchase to exclude youth would substantially effect their sales. Tobacco 21 laws also deter adolescents from gaining tobacco or nicotine products from friends 18 to 21 years of age, which is the most likely age group to supply younger teens. With this knowledge, placing tighter restrictions on consumers younger than 21 years of age, using the Tobacco 21 policy, may deter tobacco and nicotine initiation in hopes to prevent individual use at all in the future (Farber
Smoking has been a controversial issue in public culture as well in media. When someone smokes, the person lights the tobacco and all the chemicals so they burn. The person breathes in the smoke so it goes through the airways and into the lungs. The nicotine in the smoke get passed into the blood. Throughout the 20 century smoking has garnered too much attention on tv and in people life. Moreover 100 million people died from tobacco related diseases in the 20th century without action taken. Tobacco kills up 50% of its users, even though 1 billion people could die this century from tobacco related diseases. One research conducted by CNN in 1994 showed that 40% of people are in favor for smoking. Yet another research by Anna Heart showed that 70% population are for knowing public smoking. All thing consider smoking has a lot of disadvantages more than advantages and represent death. Personally I’m against smoking for many reasons health, addiction.
Because of the alluring advertising to high school teens from TV and friends, over “23 percent of high school students have used a form of tobacco in the past month, selecting from flavored cigars, electronic cigarettes, and other products” (“Teen Smoking”). Because Vaping Companies, such as JUUL and PHIX, are advertised to teens saying the device is smart and satisfying, high school students underestimate the long term effects of e-cigarettes and tobacco. The number of students who use an e-cigarette every month has exponentially increased because the companies do not address the health effects, but rather, the companies only goal is to increase revenue for themselves. In 2015, vaping companies, gas stations, and grocery stores made an estimated total of “3.3 billion dollars” on vaping devices (“U.S. Vapor Market”). This number, which has continued to increase, is largely formed by teen E-Cigarette users. Although this income number would increase if these machines were legalized for minors, companies would most likely use this money for more advertising, attracting even more high school
In fact, the tobacco industry has suffered ever since antismoking advertising has begun (Johnston, p. 107). According to statistics, 4 in every 10 Americans who are in 12th grade have tried cigarettes, and 1 in 10 consider themselves current smokers. As well as, 1 in 5, 8th graders have tried cigarettes, and 1 in 16 consider themselves current smokers (Johnston, p. 107). Now that society is aware of the harms of tobacco, it is important to decrease such rates of smoking amongst youth. Not only are there commercials about the risks of cigarette smoking, but also there are commercials that promote living above the influence of all drugs, including alcohol and marijuana. Lastly, as research continues to improve, and new drugs arise it is important to keep youth educated on the risks of using such drugs. It is important to keep our youth safe from the dangers of
In our communities, the youth can easily identified any of tobacco’s product. The author, Steven Reinberg, published , Tobacco Companies Targeting Teens, Study Says, states that the tobacco product, Marlboro, is highly purchased by high school students according to usnews.com. Mr. McGoldrick states that the three brands, 90 percent is being marketed. Most companies hold their ground saying that their tobacco products are not meant to bought by youth, but somehow still managed to in our children’s hands, in his article, Tobacco Companies Targeting Teens, Study Says (steven Reinberg). According to Erin Brodwin, author of “Tobacco Companies Still Target Youth despite A Globally Treaty”, states that children all over the world can identify the tobacco brands. Not only are children picking up their ideas from television, but also from public. Children knowing which brands shows how serious the addiction can be. Seeing how easily the product being shown to the youth is another way of starting. If less smokers are seen in public, the lower the numbers will
Smoking has greatly changed through the years. However, if one thinks about it does smoking control society in a particular way, or does society control the view on smoking. Through time, one can discover that there are many examples that may explain this question.
To understand the current culture of smoking at Wilkes University, research about smoking among college students was analyzed, a survey was given to the University body, and a national smoke-free day was held to promote a wave of change towards a smoke-free campus culture. During the Fall 2015 semester, the well-being of Wilkes University was improved with the establishment of a smoking policy. The health problems associated with smoking are reasons why establishing policies on college campuses are necessary.It is no secret that smoking tobacco can harm nearly every organ in the body. Specifically, smoking tobacco can cause autoimmune diseases, affect bone density, harm blood cells and damage the function of the heart. It can also negatively
Ever since this new, exquisite device, called E-Cigarettes, made and was bought from stores, it has become really addicting around the United States, especially children and teens. Because of its new abilities, people, mostly teens, thinks that it’s a lot safer to use. But it’s not. Risk factors are still acquired from these cigarettes because they have nicotine gas and other chemicals that causes cancer. Due to legalized tobacco, you have still have to follow the age rule, +18 years old, but teens still buy these products because of their taste and its fastidious abilities.
Smoking is the number one preventable risk and cause of disease and death. Tobacco kills more people than car crashes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and alcohol, drugs, suicides and murders combined, and effects smokers and nonsmokers alike. A nonsmoker on average lives 13 to 14 years longer than a smoker does. Although we have made strides in reducing the prevalence of smoking in the country, it is still an important problem that continues to cause morbidity and mortality. Secondhand smoke exposure also affects nonsmokers and causes lung cancer. When children are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, mostly in the predominant location of the home, smoking increases their incidence of asthma, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ear infections, and respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
The table that was chosen from Health United States, 2014 report, was on the following determinant of health: “Current cigarette smoking among adults age 18 and over, by sex (female), race and age; United States, selected years 1965-2013”; this table (below) was listed as table 52 on the report, found on page 182. Using the data from the selected table, a specific health problem that should be the focus of one research subject in public health is cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a specific health problem because the table, shows the trend of cigarette smoking (with some variation), on the decline for all categories for females (race and age) as years progress. The problem of cigarette smoking still needs to be addressed
Firstly, the denormalization approach tackles the smoking issue at its core by addressing the key concerns. These concerns are the manipulative marketing strategies of the tobacco industries and the popularity of smoking among today’s youth. The tobacco industry knows how to market its drugs and who the target audience is. If governments understand the mechanism of how tobacco products are marketed, they can use this knowledge and design campaigns that work in reverse.
Cigarette advertising has changed throughout history from how it has been advertised, what is being advertised, and who the intended audience is. In the 60’s seeing a cigarette advertisement in the Sunday paper would just be like any other advertisement, but recent generations would be appalled to see such a gruesome product being publicized. The annual deaths from smoking cigarettes are increasing each year and doctors and scientist are teaming together to try and help prevent more. Realizing that advertising may be playing a role the controversy over cigarette advertising has lead to the censoring of harmful products in other public advertising which still has a lasting effect today.
There is an overwhelming epidemic in the United States that some take for granted, with every puff of a cigarette or chew a person puts in their body they are condemning themselves slowly, but surely. The relation between tobacco use and cancer related diseases has been not only been proven by science, but there are even countless warning labels on the actual products with the hope of changing the individual’s mind when and before consuming the product. People pick up these dirty habits in the early stages of their lives, blaming stress or peer pressure as its influence. Regardless if an individual chooses to smoke or use smokeless tobacco products, the effects of both products are both detrimental to one’s health and longevity.
It is a struggle for the government of a country to make sure it has healthy citizens and environment. Providing programs to control people's involvement to cigarettes is a must. Through these applications, it can promote wellness to people affected as such may interrupt the appeal and ease of access to such products. Firm and cohesive ideas