The Production and Manufacture of Aspirin Essay example

From the vial labeled “AE,” aspirin (0.533 g) was placed into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a boiling stick. Toluene (20 mL) was brought to a boil on a hot plate. The boiling toluene (10 mL) was then added to the aspirin until the solid dissolved completely. After allowing the solution to reach room temperature, the solution was placed in an ice bath for 16 minutes. After the crystals

The isolation of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine from Excedrin utilized the differing acidities and polarities of the three compounds. Extraction involved separating the three components by reacting them with HCL and NaOH, while thin layer chromatography involved separating the isolated compounds on a TLC plate. The binder was the first component extracted; followed by aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine was extracted last since it is a neutral and polar compound. The entire process can be seen in figure 1. The most utilized methods of extraction were gravity filtration and vacuum filtration which are displayed in figures 3 and 4 respectively. These methods were utilized to separate compounds based upon their differing

Aspirin a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug(NSAIDs) with 3 main functions which are: analgesic, anti inflammatory, and antipyretic. NSAIDs is designed to inhibit the fatty acid COX enzyme which means that they also inhibit prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This enzyme is made up of COX 1 and COX 2. COX 1 is found in tissues and blood platelets which maintains homeostasis and produces prostaglandins. while COX 2 is responsible for the production of prostanoid mediators of inflammation. NSAIDs anti inflammatory effects are a result of COX 2 while their side effects are from inhibiting COX 1. Antipyretic action is a result of inhibition of prostaglandin production in the hypothalamus, the hypothalamus is what controls the balance between heat

Aspirin -Aspirin works by irreversibly inhibiting prostaglandin thromboxane A2 by irreversible acetylation of cyclooxygenase enzyme. This inhibition will result in diminished platelet aggregation.

In 1899, a German chemist named Felix Hoffmann, who worked for a Germany company called Bayer, rediscovered Gerhardt’s formula. Felix Hoffmann made some of the formula and gave it to his father who was suffering from the pain of arthritis. When he saw that there were good results he convinced Bayer to market the new drug to their company. Aspirin was first sold as a powder. According to Bayer's biography of Hoffman, it was 'mostly by chance' that the chemist Felix Hoffmann succeeded in mixing salicylic acid with acetic acid to create what is now widely recognized as something that mostly everyone knows and uses when in pain. It is a well-known medicine. Hoffmann didn’t like the alternative treatment, a juice from the willow tree bark that had been used for centuries as a painkiller and treatment for fever, but it had a lot of negative side effects, including nausea, gastro-intestine irritation,

The experiment was divided into a series of separation phases, a purification phase, and an analysis. Initially, 3.00g of Panacetin was weighed and dichloromethane (DCM) was added to the drug. Sucrose was filtered from this mixture by gravity filtration because it is not soluble in DCM while aspirin and is unknown are. Sodium bicarbonate was then added in order to extract aspirin from the filtrate. The base converted aspirin into its salt, allowing it to move into the aqueous layer of the mixture. The aqueous layers were obtained and hydrochloric acid was added,

Introduction: In this lab I had found out the process of making aspirin through synthesis and recrystallization. However, knowing how to make it and knowing how it is used in society are two different things. Everyone knows that aspirin is used for pain

Aspirin is a widely known medicine used by various people for pain relief. Pain relief is the typical use for aspirin. The aspirin also features has anti-inflammatory properties that can help with several ailments. It also has other properties that can help with other ailments. The US Food and Drug Administration website says that aspirin can be beneficial to populations with cardiovascular disease. When populations use aspirin on the daily, it could lower the chances of a heart attack and other blood flow problems (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2017). In chemistry, aspirin is synthesized to help students understand various topics in the subject. In the lab completed, the topics that were studied were spectrophotometry and Beer’s law.

Aspirin is a commonly used pain killer and an anti-inflammatory. Hagiwara, Kaneko, Murata, Ikegami, and Oshima (2014) reported that aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is used to treat trauma, infections, and rheumatic diseases. Hagiwara et al. (2014) stated that,” a dose of ASA of greater than 150 mg/kg is toxic, and ASA intake of more than 500 mg/kg causes severe toxicosis” (p. 72). Since an overdose of ASA could be fatal, it is important that companies list the exact amount of aspirin in one tablet. The purpose of this lab is to confirm that aspirin tablets contain the amount of medicine that is advertised on the bottle. If the aspirin bottle states that there is 325 mg in one tablet, then there should be 325 mg of aspirin found when titrated. In an acid base reaction, both solutions are neutralized when there are equal parts of acid and base. This relationship is vital to determine the concentration of a solution through standardization. (Northern Virginia Community College, 2016, para. 1). Solutions are standardized by using titration, which is a method of measuring the volume of a solution needed to fully react and neutralize another reagent (Northern Virginia Community College, 2016, para. 1). To know when the solutions are equivalent, an indicator called phenolphthalein is put into the solution with

Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, has a chemical formula of C9H804. Aspirin is one of the first drugs in the world that came to a common use with about 35,000 metric tons that are annually used and consumed by people all over the world. Aspirin is commonly used to relieve people from pain of headaches and reduces the temperatures of fevers. Aspirin is also used to sooth a scratchy throat, relieving pain from bug-bites, wiping away rust marks, and clearing dandruff problems. Most of these problems consist of aspirin to dissolve in water to create a solution.

Overly basic solution will cause amino acid chains to gain too much H+, causing the enzyme to be disrupted. Thirdly, the temperature can become an issue. Increase of temperature may be able to speed up the reaction because the molecules have more kinetic energy. However, a temperature optimum can be reacted, where kinetic energy and water molecules move so rapidly that enzyme molecule begin to disrupt. To avoid denaturation, temperature should be maintained correctly. Lastly, the activations and inhibitors are responsible for the increase and decrease for reaction rate. An activator increases the reaction rate and inhibitor decreases it. Some chemicals, such as potassium cyanide, act as inhibitors and interfere with the active site of enzymes. Those are the four crucial external impact that needs to be watched out for.

Compared with conventional small-molecule drugs, products derived from a biological source are structurally complex, large molecules and involved in different manufacturing processes that require tight control to ensure their safety, purity, quality, and efficacy. Because of these differences in respect of the product characteristics and manufacturing process,

The formulation of veterinary pharmaceuticals are develop according to the techniques and procedures uses in developing human drug dosage form as the fundamental pharmaceuticals development techniques required is similar. Examples of such practice include preformulation data package, drug stability assessment and expiry date, sterility declaration, drug pharmaco kinetics, and manufacturing processes. Veterinary drug products are also exposed to the same Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the human drug products. (Gregory E. Hardee, 1998)

The world has come a long way from crushing compounds with stones or grinding different herbs to create the next big drug compound. Innovation in education and technology has propelled the field of pharmacy into a new era of medical care. It is

The types of materials used in the manufacture of Pharmaceutical products starts with the procurement of materials like binders, excipients that will be added to the core formula. Intermediates will also be added to the