The Project On Reliance Digital Essay

The California Indians were a very diverse tribe. Using their advanced skills and knowledge, they were able to thrive in their region for many years. They became skilled at working with the many things the land provided them and passed these skills down to each generation. This group of Native Americans have left their mark on American history due to their fascinating culture. The California Indians wore eccentric clothing, practiced sacred rituals, and ate foods unique to their climate and surroundings.

California?s Indians are popularly viewed as static remnants of ancient Stone-Age peoples. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Before and after the advent of whites in their lands, native cultures constantly changed and adapted to shifting social and ecological conditions. (Rice, 31)

According to the 2000 Census there are 4.1 million people who identify themselves as Ameican Indian (either alone or in combination with other races)in the United States.About half the of the Indian population 60 years and

Though obvious to the name, the American Indian Tribes had much to do with the growth of what we now know of as the US. Long ago when the english settlers came over with Columbus, on the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, they had found that there were people living there, were very different from “the white man”. But the American Indians have been located throughout the states from the very beginning and are still thriving, in some cases. One of the more commonly known, American Indian Tribes is the Cherokee tribe.(WKU Meteorology; Dr. Greg Goodrich)

San Diego County is located in the south eastern corner of California and lies geographically north of the Mexican Border and south of Orange and Riverside County. (Appendix 1, Fig 1.) It covers an area greater than the states of Rhode Island and Delaware combined, measuring 4,525.52 square miles.("San Diego County," 2010) In addition to San Diego City, the county comprises of 18 incorporated cities. It is has 193 square miles that are home to 18 Native American reservations. While not the largest in population or in acreage, San Diego has most reservations of any county in the country. The county has many diverse and unique district areas, (Appendix 1, Fig 2) which range

The reservations system is quite a complex matter and understanding the consistency and membership of the reservations can be hard, depending on the particular issue being handled. It is worth noting however that all the Indians born in the USA are citizens and are subject to federal and tribal laws though not generally to the state laws. The federal law limits their self-governance hence they do not retain the all powers. They are endowed with the power to control the land use and ownership, execute their legal system (though under the supervision of the federal government particularly on criminal issues) as well as raise the local taxes. According to American Indians' Cultural Network (2000), the federal reservations are about 300 in number and most are in the West with 20 state reservations mainly in the East.

For approximately 15,000 years, California was inhabited by many different Native American tribes. Some of these tribes include the Achumawi, Juaneno, Konkow, Northern and Southern Paiute, Shoshoni, and Yurok tribes. Landforms such as mountains and valleys separated these tribes, so it was rare that they came into contact with each other. Native Americans in California were much different than some of the Indians in other states. They wore very little clothing and rarely wore animal skins or fur, as it was too warm. Due

The history of the California Indians differ from any other ethnic group who came to the Americas in the last few centuries as immigrants. Indians who came to North America and eventually traveled south to California lived in a land plenty of natural resources and their material technology reflected what was necessary to meet their basic needs. They did what was necessary to survive, nothing more, nothing less. They lived in harmony with their environment with a cultural lifestyle that was more a reflection of numbers and using the most out of everything. After 1769, things began to change.

Due to the long history of discriminatory federal and state policies, California Native Americans have been ranked in the lowest income, education, housing quality, and health brackets of any population group in the state (CITATION). The status of Native Americans converted from virtually invisible to being the most powerful political lobby in the 6th largest economy in the world (CITATION). This was not a process that had occurred over a few short years, with Native Americans in California going from being the poorest people in the United States to becoming among the richest.

In the battle royale that developed on their own land, Indians became the weakest competitor with all odds going against them. From 1770-1900 their population had diminished from 300 K-10K, creating a genocide many still argue about today. California did become the most diverse location in the world, but it had a great cost to it, the assassination of a vital culture that almost led to their extinction.

American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/ANs) people in the United States, either identified as Native alone or of mixed race, numbered at 5.2 million people (Norris, Vines, & Hoeffel, 2012, para. 1). To date, there are 566 federally recognized tribes plus numerous Tribes who are not federally recognized with a majority population base of low socio-economic status. With the birth of America came the genocide, domination, culturecide, ecocide, separation, termination, racism, stereotyping, marginalization, and forced assimilation for the original Native Indian people of the United States, which resulted in historical and intergenerational trauma. The cultures and lifeworld views of American Indians and the White race (predominate American race), are

8. One of the main issue in that American Indians face in different native communities is Mass incarnation and policing. According to the Huffington Post Native American makeup 9% of the total united state population. But in South Dakota; for example, Native Americans make up twenty seven percent of the prison population also according to the Huffington post.

California is the most populated state in the United States. It has nine regions of which Northern California is the main focus. It has very many people with very different ethnic, racial, religious and national backgrounds. Notably, the population of California stands out as one of the most varied and composite anywhere on the globe. The population has rapidly increased over the last century. By 1950, the population of California was only about 10 million people. As of 2000, the population had increased threefold to an approximation of almost 35 million people (Reyes & Currie, 2001).

California was home to about 100 different tribes and 200 different dialects. Although there were about 100 different tribes, they lived fairly similar lives. Instead of living agriculture based lives, they were hunter-gatherers. These Indians were generally peaceful.

Information technology is a rapidly growing part of today's society. It affects everyone's life in many aspects. Every human endeavor is influenced by information technology and the increasing rate at which what it can perform includes. One area of human endeavor that information technology has greatly influenced is the practice of medicine, specifically veterinary medicine. Not only has veterinary medicine been influenced by information technology, it has also been enhanced by it. The degree to which the practice of veterinary medicine includes information technology is observable at the Animal Emergency Clinic of Central New York on Erie Blvd. in Syracuse, New York.