The Pros And Cons Of Animal Cloning

There have been recent studies on animals where the scientist cloned the animals. Cloning is something many people are split on. Some say it is bad some say it is good. I think cloning is a bad thing. Cloning can be a bad thing in many ways. I will be covering some of those ways in this paper.

Animal cloning started without the world even knowing. First, an animal clone is “an exact physical copy of one ‘parent’” (Newman 12). “Animal cloning experiments began in the 1960’s. Frogs were the first subjects. By 1987 scientists had begun cloning cows and other mammals” (Newman 12). Dolly the sheep was the first big cloning success, credited to Ian Wilmut in 1996 (Praded 21). This sheep was a scientific breakthrough, but it also caused many people to question the intents of scientists. Many people wondered if scientists would clone humans next. The original intent of animal cloning was not for the food industry. The reason animal cloning started was to find a way to help cure currently untreatable diseases (“Why Do Scientists Clone?”). By cloning cells, scientists will be able to manipulate the cells to become something new.

that goes into creating a clone. First, scientist remove a somatic cell from an animal that they

There are many arguments against cloning. Leon R. Kass bases his argument on repugnance in his article The Wisdom of Repugnance. He is a well-known physician, educator and scientist. Kass perceives cloning as offensive, grotesque revolting, repulsive and wrong. To establish his argument he states, “Most people recoil from the prospect of mass production or human being, with large clones of look-alikes, compromised in their individuality.”1 His rationale is cloning is unnatural, because it is asexual and requires only one parent. Kass believes that cloning turns natural procreation into a manufactured process, which is not natural or moral. In his essay he also points out that cloning will also change the way we see ourselves through our

A genetically engineered animal is one that contains altered genetic material to give the animal new traits or characteristics. There are many animals that have been genetically modified for example, mice, pigs, cows and sheep are just a few of the animals they experiment on. Most genetic engineering is directed toward providing more benefits to our society which can be ethically contentious. In reproductive cloning (animal cloning) researchers remove a mature skin cell from the animal that they want to copy then, they transfer it into a egg that has removed its DNA-containing nucleus. The clones are superior breeding animals that will produce healthier offspring. There is both upsides and downsides to genetic engineering and animal cloning. In the United States animal cloning is regulated by the FDA or, Food and Drug Administration and for the most part is not considered to be illegal. There are also close to no laws regulating genetic engineering in animals in the United States.

The first Mammal to be cloned was Dolly the sheep. That’s when cloning really started to take off. Dolly lived from 5 July 1996 to 14 February 2003. Since the cloning of Dolly just over 20 years ago, 22 other species of animals have been cloned since. ("Cloning Dolly The Sheep") (“How many

Should people not be allowed to clone animals? Some people see cloning animals as bad, but some people see cloning as a good thing. Cloning should not be illegal because it has great future effects in daily life, saving endangered species, and scientist can use them as test subjects.

Well, for all of you that haven’t according to (CNN) Dolly the Sheep, was the world's first cloned mammal. Dolly had a remarkable life spans (for a clone) of 6 years but, due to the discovery of progressive lung disease Veterinarians gave Dolly a lethal

As mentioned earlier, cloning is the copying of an organism that results in identical offspring (“Cloning”). Scientists have tried cloning many times on frogs and other organisms (“Cloning”), but when the first mammal to be cloned was successful in 1997, scientists jumped into pools of thoughts to clone humans. The first mammal to be cloned was a sheep named Dolly. The process of cloning Dolly was called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. The nucleus of a somatic stem cell is taken out of the eggs of the

Dolly the sheep, a clone born in Scotland in 1996, was the first mammal to ever be cloned from an adult cell using nuclear transfer. Her birth demonstrated for the first time that even DNA from already specialised adult cells could be used to create an entire healthy organism.

Animal Cloning is a process where the whole organism reproduced from cells taken from parent organisms to produce offspring that is genetically identical. This means that animal cloning is an exact duplicate of the parent, which means that also have the same DNA.

On February 24, 1997 history was made. The first cloned adult mammal was born through somatic cell nuclear transfer (McCuen, 11). Somatic cell nuclear transfer is when a nucleus of a mammary gland is removed and fused with an egg by using electrical pulses. The pulses prompt the egg to divide to form an embryo. The embryo is then transferred to a uterus where it is implanted to grow (McCuen, 10). Before the creation of Dolly, many scientists were unsuccessful in their attempts to produce a genetically identical copy of a cell. In the rare occasion that they were successful in their attempts, they would soon be discouraged due to the inability of the clone to sustain life. It took hundreds of attempts before Dolly’s team of scientist could obtain a successfully cloned sheep. Of the 277 successful transfers, only 29 became embryos. And of these 29 embryos, Dolly was the sole survivor (Sweat, 1). What sets Dolly apart from previous clones is the fact that she was cloned differently. Dolly was cloned not from sex cells but from mature mammal cells with no reproductive function (Sweat, 1). Even though Dolly was a

“Cloning is great. If God made the original, then making copies should be fine”(Douglas Coupland). Around the late 1800s, a man named Hans Adolf Edward Driesch showed how he can make an exact replica of a sea urchin by shaking it and separating the cells. When doing this, he showed that an embryo in early development can grow into its own organism because it has a set of instructions to follow by. This experiment was one of the first ever demonstrations of artificial twinning which recently jump started the research of cloning other organisms. Cloning can either occur naturally like giving birth to twins or it can occur in a lab where scientists are using genetic information from an organism to make another copy of the same organism. It is the process of making an organism identical to another and there are several types of it; reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and gene cloning. Reproductive cloning is started as a somatic cell nuclear transfer, the embryo is implanted into a surrogate and then it grows and

Imagine having a herd of cattle, hogs, sheep or goats and every single animal in the herd is the exact same, not only looks but their genes too. Well, in the future that may be the case in a lot of larger farm production lots through animal cloning. While there are many people against animal cloning, there is actually no harm done to the animals involved in the clone. (FDA US food and drug administration) Cloning in agriculture should be allowed because it would improve the farmers herds.

Animal cloning causes ethical issues about how far science should be allowed to interfere with reproduction. Animal cloning is a dangerous and harmful process for both the cloned animal and the surrogate mother. The intrusive procedures that the surrogate mother goes through to prepare her body to carry the clone and for artificial insemination are so painful that the United Kingdom requires an anesthetic to be given during the procedures. Clones have increased medical issues compared to the parent cells. The mortality rate for clones compared to non-cloned animals are extremely high and if the clone manages to survive it is often riddled with health problems. One of the scientist involved with the creation of Dolly, the first cloned mammal from an adult cell, confesses, “Even if you use the same method as consistently as you can, you may get some clones with severe abnormalities and some that have only minor ones.” Common medical problem among clones are an underdeveloped or faulty immune system, which can lead to problems like heart failure, pneumonia, respiratory problems, and lethargy. Another health concern for clones is the possibility of premature aging especially in animals cloned from adult parent cells. Scientist raise the question rather the cloned animals age starts at birth or the age at which the cell sample was taken from the parent cell. Currently scientist have not been able to determine an answer on the age of animals cloned from a parent cell, but many scientists believe after studying the clones x chromosomes and telomeres that the age of the parent cell does affect the lifespan of the clone. The medical problems that cause both the surrogate mother and the clone suffering and often death goes against the Principle of Autonomy of nonmaleficence, do no harm. There is no ethical justification for cloning animals.