The Pros And Cons Of Assisted Reproductive Technology

Conceiving a baby can be easy for some couples and difficult for others. In fact, some couples can do so naturally and others may need some professional help or even to the point where adoption is the only possibility available. When given the option of professional help, we need to look at the big picture and think about the moral, immoral and ethical part of this delicate subject. However, while it may be difficult for some couples to conceive a baby, there are many methods that can possibly work and that’s when ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) becomes a great part of it. As far as the moral and ethical part, some people would disagree to this new technology such as IVF (in vitro fertilization), surrogacy, egg transfer,

The first child to ever be from using test tube techniques happened in the late 1970’s. Although many have applauded this new type of technology, there is an ethical issue on whether or not embryos should be created in test-tube knowing that fact that many are not implanted and have human development. “Octo-Mom” is a classic case that may have changed many people’s perception when it comes to in-vitro fertilization. Many felt that it was ethically wrong for her doctor to conduct that type of procedure to a woman who will not have the ability to provide adequate care for the well-being of her children who may have health issues.

Chile's health system has been evolving rapidly in recent years. The assigned role of the Chilean Medical Association has focused on medical ethics codes, and laws. Social organizations have emerged during the last decade and have been working together with the Chilean Fertility Society to change public health policies and attitudes in order to increase the access of people to modern reproductive technology. The current government has passed the August Law which decriminalizes abortion under three circumstances, the government also signed the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which establishes safe healthcare as a human right.(6) “Today, women have won, democracy has won, all of Chile has won,” said Bachelet(2). On the other hand, Reproductive technology, assisted reproductive technology (ART), is utilized but faces opposition from factors of social-religious conservatism, and gender-based discrimination. While reproductive technologies can be accessed by those who can afford out of pocket funding, most of the population relies on public healthcare, resulting in less than 4% of the population receiving treatment.(5) In this sense, more research of reproductive technologies, specifically mitochondrial transfer, should be reliant on biomedical research of genetic on bioethical levels, as gene therapy is authorized only for the purpose of treating diseases or preventing their appearance(4). In this sense, the mitochondrial

I believe Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) should be allowed and accepted. It allows for a family to see what medical problems their child will endure if born. Both parents should agree to do this because one might not want to know and doesn’t care what problems their child might have. With this knowledge a couple will have the power to decide on whether to move on with having a baby or maybe decide to adopt one. PGD is controversial because it is done after conception; many feel that if the couple decides to kill the embryo it is still abortion. I feel as if everyone should have a choice, so if some people choose to abort it that’s fine. I wouldn’t want my baby to be born with a bunch of diseases that will restrict him from being like other kids or that will keep him in a hospital for most of his life. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is a good idea and it informs the parents what their and their child’s future will be like.

The policy that will be mainly discussed is the state and federal laws toward the use of Assisted Reproductive Technology(ART). The government should provide funding to allow all states to pass infertility insurance laws. In order to give infertile couples a chance to create their own family with a healthy baby.

Another way that same-sex couples can become parents is through assisted reproductive technology. These technologies involve in vitro fertilization, intrauterine insemination, intracervical insemination, and the “do-it yourself” method. That being said, homosexuals should have the same access to these technologies that heterosexual couples do. Same-sex couples and couples with fertility issues struggle to have families. But the struggle does not end with reproductive technology. A lot of times a surrogate mother or a donor is involved. That makes it a three parent situation. Therefore, if a surrogate mother decides she wants to keep the baby then that just introduces a whole lot more drama in the parent’s life. Assisted Reproductive Technology

New technological advances and scientific methods continue to change the course of nature. One of the current controversial advances in science and technology is the use of genetically modified embryos in which the study exceeds stem cell research. Scientists have begun planning for research involving human embryos in the genetic modification field. Many technological developments are responsible for improving our living standards and even saving lives, but often such accomplishments have troubling cultural and moral ramifications (Reagan, 2015). We are already beyond the days in which virtually the only procreative option was for a man and a woman to conceive the old-fashioned way (Reagan, 2015). Genetic modification of human embryos can be perceived as a positive evolution in the medical process yet it is surrounded by controversy due to ethical processes. Because this form of genetic modification could affect later born children and their offspring, the protection of human subjects should be a priority in decisions about whether to proceed with such research (Dresser, 2004). The term Human Genetic Engineering was originally made public in 1970. During this time there were several methods biologists began to devise in order to better identify or isolate clone genes for manipulation in several species or mutating them in humans.

The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, used during in vitro fertilization, for medical screening and sex pre-selection is ethical so as long as it is done for the child’s best interest and not for superficial desires of the parents. Every year, around 3,945,875 babies are born in the United States (NIH, 2017). Unfortunately, 12.1% of women ages 15-44 and 8% of men ages 25 to 44 struggle with infertility issues (CDC, 2016). It is also challenging for gay and lesbian couples to become parents in which one is biologically related by using their gametes (Wittenstein, 2016). Luckily, there are several medical advancements that help individuals become pregnant. A controversial medical advancement that is commonly used is known as In-Vitro

Assisted reproductive technology(ART) is a cycle of fertility treatments that includes in vitro fertilization and intrafallopian transfer (Sunderam et al., 2015).

Continuous advancements have been made in these fields, and thus contribute to human genetic engineering. The method of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, also known as embryonic screening, allows parents at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to ensure their future children are unaffected by the disease. Some say that it would be greatly favorable for parents to have the ability to avoid passing on a genetic disease. While there is potential to eliminate many diseases, it also has an equally likely potential to be a hindrance to progression. Families are placed in a difficult predicament if the test determines the child does indeed have a disease, as they then must then consider the possibility of abortion. This brings about its own ethical

In their booked titled, Health Care Ethics (2014), Furlong & Morrison noted the following: “National debate over this issue continues as the incidence of infertility increases and new techniques become available. Without a consensus about what is morally acceptable, a huge, profitable, and virtually unregulated “baby business” has grown and expanded” (Callahan, 2014). Advances in reproduction technology evolves at such accelerated rate, the challenge in affectively regulating this field continues to impede the progress from an ethical standpoint. There are several different methods of reproductive technologies that are available today, and each impact our moral compass in more ways than one. (IVF) or in vitro fertilization, (GIFT) or gamete intrafallopian transfer, and (ZIFT) or zygote intrafallopian transfer are some example of technological advances that effect our ethical choices (McConchie, 1999). Each one of these procedures, challenge the notion of ethics and safety of mother and fetus; which is where the ethical dilemma comes into play and a common ground needs to be

Assisted reproductive technologies include any fertilization involving manipulation of gametes/ embryos outside the human body and transfer of gametes/embryos into the body. They offer biomedical parenthood to various infertile couples who have often spent years trying to have a child and have exhausted all other avenues to have a child of their own. The new reproductive technologies give great help to infertile couples and make many new reproductive arrangements possible. The possibilities available for couples contemplating parenthood in unconventional ways under new reproductive techniques are two-party and third-party assisted reproduction. Assisted reproduction can raise some ethical concerns such as - the selection of the sex, how to

With technological advances of today, parents who are unable to substantially procreate are now given the opportunity to bear children. New techniques for procreation include Artificial Insemination, Surrogacy and In-Vitro Fertilization, all which have brought about happiness to families. Unfortunately, at the same time many of these new reproductive techniques may bring about ethical considerations and debates, causing pain and legal arguments. All of these ethical considerations warrant governmental and contractual regulation as a way of guidance in handling these situations.

In the article, the author Mark Walker addresses the question of whether Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is beneficial to the embryo or not. PGD is a process that removes one or more blastomeres at the cell development stage from an embryo outside the womb. This determines the presence of disorders like Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington’s Disease, and Down syndrome. Even though PGD does not genetically alter embryos, it benefits them. Furthermore, It increases embryos’ chances for higher expected well-being when used for choosing EWD. While correlating to random selection, this is an advantage to the embryos nothing because it does not alter their selection for implantation. Thus, the author concludes that those who think eugenic selection has

Rarely any women encounter many side effects or unbearable pain after this procedure. However, there are numerous disadvantages that could be brought up. The most dangerous risk that could be encountered is the keen discomfort brought by the Catheter.