The Pros And Cons Of Bone Regeneration

Michael Longaker’s interests lie at the intersection of wound/bone regeneration and stem cell biology. In the Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate Cells Responsible for Healing Critical-Sized Calvarial Bone Defects, the efficacy of peripheral blood (PB) for use in regenerative medicine is significant, with its retrieval viewed as relatively easy. Experiments such as bone regeneration were carried out with the use of PB stem cells. The paper finds that through a specific coculturing process mesenchymal cells can be derived from PB (CD34+) which happen to be choice candidates for quicker bone healing and re-calcification in bone defects (Li). The key discoveries here are the identification of easily retrievable source of stem cells, which help give rise, under a specific culturing protocol, to a specific group of non-hematopoietic cells. This is directly in line with Dr. Longaker’s research as he investigates the possible uses of regenerative medicine in skeletal regeneration. Here we are provided an example of how these CD45- cells can be utilized for treatment of bone defects as it facilitations bone formation and osteogenesis. What should be asked here is how viable is this form of treatment. There is a lot of discussion surrounding the necessary conditions to produce these BD-MSCs and how it is very condition dependent. It would have been preferable to know the amount of time and the amount of cells required to see efficient

In Brazil 2009, there was an 18 year old boy that had half of his jaw and teeth removed because of a tumor. Scientists took some of his bone marrow and extracted the adult stem cells from it and formed an osteoblast, which is a bone forming cell. Six months after the osteoblast was injected, it started forming new bone material which filled the gaps (NIH Stem Cells). Stem cells could be a genius way to treat many diseases and disorders and it should be supported by everyone.

By having a bone graft procedure, we will restore the bone that you’ve lost in your jaw, which will make it possible to place implants. Having a bone graft will not only make it possible to place your dental implants, but it will also improve your appearance through giving you a full jawline.

Osteoporosis is an age-related disease of the skeletal system characterized by both low bone mass and bone structural degeneration (Nunes, 2011). Understanding osteoporosis is important because it is continues to be overlooked and undertreated, causing high numbers of bone fractures each year –in the elderly, these bone fractures can be debilitating or even life threatening (Eastell, 2009). Osteoporosis manifests when an imbalance between bone resorption and bone rebuilding occurs – this is due to changes in osteoclast and osteoblast activity. I chose this topic because osteoporosis affects millions of people, and research will allow me to better understand this common yet complex, and very perilous bone disease.

Osteoporosis is an intricate chronic disease that regularly goes undetected for multiple years before symptoms such as a bone fracture occur (Huether & McCance, 2012). It is a disease that compromises bone density, making it porous and is a serious health threat to aging adults (Watts, 2011). According to Huether & McCance (2012), Osteoporosis is not necessarily a result of the aging progression but it is the most common disease that affects bone, and it is most common in elderly individuals. During osteoporosis, there is a point where new bone is not being made faster than the old bone is being reabsorbed, leaving the bones to be porous and weak, with low density. Eventually, the weak bone becomes so weak that it is unable to support

In a few minutes I will introduce you to one of the most advanced device ‘Hyperelastic bone’. With the hope that one day in the future there will be no more organ rejections or endless list of organs transplants.

Osteoporosis is translated from the Greek and literally means “porous bone “ .It is the most common chronic, metabolic bone disease in the U.S.A, resulting in osteopenia and fractures in spine , hip and wrist. In addition osteoporosis is progressive, and the skeletal fragility often leads to disabling fractures (hip fractures) and even death. Primary osteoporosis is a result of aging, whereas secondary osteoporosis occurs at any age, is a consequence to certain medication as well as diseases.

In 2004 the Surgeon General reported more than 10 million people in the United States over the age of 50 had osteoporosis and 34 million were are at risk of developing the disease. By the end of 2020 the Surgeon General believes there will be over 50 million Americans who will be at risk for osteopathic fractures and low bone mass (Ailinger, 2005). Due to osteoporosis being a chronic diseases it does not include an agent, reservoir, or mode of transmission. This chronic disease excessively affects the elderly and can result in physical and psychosocial consequences. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis involves low bone mass and extra skeletal factors that lead to bone fractures. Every day there is a small amount of bone mineral being

As a major public health issue, osteoporosis accounts as a very common disorder. It is characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone microarchitectural tissue leading to fragility and increased risk of fracture. Along with progressive aging of the world 's population, osteoporosis is expected to be seen with a higher incidence in the elderly. As osteoporosis has a silent course, proper methods of screening, diagnosis, and treatment are of vital importance.

Osteoporotic fractures constitute a significant public health issue and are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and the number of older adults admitted to the hospital (Johnell & Kanis, 2006). Being osteoporotic, aggravates the incidence of fractures in elderly. The demand for the management of osteoporosis is expanding, because of the increase in incident rate and evolving understanding of the disease (Kanis, 2002; Kanis, Johansson, Oden, & McCloskey, 2009). It was estimated that by 2050 the global prevalence of hip fracture will be increased by 240% and 310% in women and men, respectively (Gullberg, Johnell, & Kanis, 1997). Furthermore the projected number of individuals with hip fracture will be increased up to 6.26 million by 2050 (Sambrook

Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization as “a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue with consequential increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture” This condition is a result of an imbalance in the normal processes of “ bone formation” and “bone reabsorption” which work together to maintain bone strength.” (Leyland, S. 2013) The purpose of this paper is to educate the reader about bone and joint health and how it effects the elderly population. The topic of this paper is osteoporosis.

To observe the structures of cortical and trabecular bones, the slices were observed with a Leitz Laborlux 11 with a magnification of 25X and were imaged under a magnification of 10X. Biomaterials is used alongside research of human bones. A variety of synthetic bone grafts have been utilized to fill bone defects as well as strengthen, repair and improve damaged bones. The trabecular bone structure was witnessed to that of a traditional trabecular structure with the white sections of the bones, seen in Figure 1, to be the close packed bone cells with the grey sections to be the pores, or lighter bones section, to allow less weight in the trabecular bone structure. The trabecular bone requires maximum strength with minimum mass to sustain high mineral surface area. The mineral surface area of a trabecular bone allows for cellular interaction with bone mineral material at the ends of human bones.

Aging interacts mainly with bone deposition than bone resorption. The supply of osteoblasts, which deposit bone, as compared to demand is progressively declining with aging. After the third decade of life, bone

Experimental study made by Hämmerle et al. reported that guided bone regeneration involving xenogeneic bone graft secured by a membrane provided more bone formation than the use of graft only. Therefore, xenogeneic bone graft guided by Resorb-x membrane was used in this study for guided bone regeneration.

Therefore, the development of a completely synthetic, readily accessible and osteogenic bone substitute as an adjunct to autologous tissue grafts is strongly encouraged and is considered as a great milestone in the clinical field. For synthetic orthopedic biomaterials, with the goal of shifting the strategy from prosthetic replacement to regeneration (write from here), there is paradigm shift in medicine to mimic the native composition of bone. Due to its progress in the repair and reconstruction of bone defects, bone tissue engineering has earned substantial attention where a bioactive scaffold with a special spatial pattern plays a critical role as a hybrid constructs for treating bone defects and have been heralded as an alternative strategy to regenerate bone.The downfalls with the existing scaffolds such as low permeability, inadequate mechanical strength, ineffective bone regeneration, poor osteointegration and the ineptness to mimic native bone chemical composition fueled the burning need for development of an ideal scaffold (Nature best rat