The Pros And Cons Of Decentralization In Sub-Saharan Africa

That this was also the decade in which globalization came into full swing is more than a minor inconvenience for its advocates” (Rodrick). If globalization is supposed to present an advantage to developing countries, why have there been so many setbacks? Indeed, both sides will have its winners and losers regardless of which side of the development coin they live on, but for the most part globalization has lifted millions out of poverty, improved the standard of living, and increased life expectancy rates all while keeping developed nations relatively competitive to their developing counterparts. Globalization’s value is that it seeks to create an economic equilibrium in the world, where parties are free from barriers and can benefit from one another through a more efficient allocation of resources. This allows all participating nations to contribute to an integrated economy and where all nations willing to embrace globalization have the potential to benefit. Regardless, the path to successful integration to the global economy has not always been easy. There is contention towards globalization as some argue that it is detrimental to developed nations, while many developing countries that were forced to hastily open up their markets and integrate failed. However, if implemented properly, globalization has proven that it can benefit all parties involved and that the potential gains outweigh the losses.

The groundwork of post-colonial Kenya was further stressed by radical economic disparities between Kenyans and Somalis. Ethnic Somalis acquired resources through nomadic pastoralism, and hoped to continue their practices regardless of state

There was a great question asked by numerous individuals in the eighteenth century with what happens to people’s lives when their country is a colony of another country. This was very important to Americans when they were being ruled by Great Britain, and even to this day it remains important when countries find themselves controlled by more powerful outsiders. But what is colonialism? Colonialism occurs when one nation takes control of another. Kenya’s experience as a colony of Great Britain gives us more of an idea of what being colonized meant both to the people being controlled and to those who control them. Although it seems hard to believe, Kenya was created by the Europeans and generally this had a positive on effect on Kenyans because it began development.

Even when it happens slowly, there is a need for experimentation, testing, adjusting, and replicating successful experiments in other contexts. Decentralization should not be considered as a process, but a way of life and a state of mind based on the principles of freedom respect and participation. Above all it is trusting and recognizing that people are capable of managing their affairs the need to close the gaps and differences between all levels of governance through interaction and sharing decentralization as consisting of interlocking rings of responsibilities from the center to the community. Decentralization should not be imposed, but that people should be imposed, but that people should be exposed to it, thereby honoring their intelligence and respecting their independence.

blocks in a pyramid of self governance. Mr. Hart argues that special interest and scale of government

Political structures are defined as the formal or informal political procedures through which decisions are made regarding the usage, production and distribution of resources in any given community. Formal political structures through its organizations can control processes such as election of leaders; parts and tasks of the executive and administration; organization of political representation (through political parties); and the obligation and oversight of the state. Informal and communal political structures, customs and rules can work within or together with the formal political organizations. In development, democratic political structures are seen to deliver prospects for all without discrimination (Scott & Mcloughlin, 2014).

A New York Times by Rachel Cernansky article explains the steps that some African and Asian nations, specifically Kenyans are doing to better their

In a decentralized country, “each type of government is… free to delegate its powers to other bodies if it so desires” and does not focus all responsibilities upon one form of government. Nonetheless, a federation being centralized or decentralized is not black and white; “what is not centralized is decentralized” is not necessarily true in many cases. To achieve perfect decentralization, one must assure that the non-federal governments obtain enough autonomy so that, in result, neither becomes subordinate to the other. Additionally, fiscal decentralization is brought about through arriving at a certain level of economic autonomy at both levels of government . The main idea behind subsidiarity is that of the division of responsibilities in an equal manner and that the lowest, qualified levels of government are likewise given powers . Canadian federalism can be considered as quite unique in proportion to others and has vastly changed since its original form. Its evolution can be traced back to the Confederation of 1867 and centralization and decentralization have come and gone throughout Canadian history.

When one government fails then another must rise in its place. Instead of a centralized government, local governments will have to do all the heavy lifting in the short-term. You should be a part of this movement, otherwise, you cannot complain about how it is run.

Within the last 60 years, Third World development has been a global priority, at the top of virtually every Western agenda. And with the rise of the global population and poverty levels continuing to rise along with it, it is very easy to see why human development is becoming such a topic of focus and discussion among members of the academia. But one question that everyone wants the answer too is, how does Third World development fit into Globalization? Despite apparent compatibility, when closely examined it is clear to see that Globalization actually contradicts Third World development due to the conflict of agendas. Both Globalization and Development hold views concerning market reform, social structure and regulation, which are

In Jessica Posner’s and Kennedy Odede’s Find Me Unafraid, there is a part of Kennedy’s narrative that details the unrest associated with the political election in Kenya. He speaks of how many people within the Luo and Kikuyu tribes were turning to violence, killing one another, even innocent children, as a way to show their frustration with the unjust system they were born into. From forced circumcision to burning down homes with families inside to slashing people with machetes, lives were being taken in gruesome ways, in the name of justice. Reading about a tragedy, one so similar to what was seen in Rwanda a decade earlier, led to the question, “What was the most influential cause of the Luo-Kikuyu massacres after the 2007 election?”. I plan to explore whether the massacres were simply a result of unhappiness about Mwai Kibaki becoming president or if there were deeper, more substantial causes of the massacre.

2. Somalia has a fractured political past. There has been little stability in the country since it gained independence from Great Britain in 1960.1 However, in 2011, an internationally backed organization took over Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu. Now called the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), they ratified a constitution and held the nation’s first ever presidential election in 2012.1 This new government has made strides in stabilizing Mogadishu, but much of the nation is still divided. Two major regions, Somaliland and Puntland, have their own independent governments and consider themselves self-autonomous.1 Also, the FGS isn’t flawless. A second

The British colonization of Kenya destroyed the culture and economy of the native people, but it established a democratic government and left Kenya a more modernized country.[1] During the 1880’s through 1914, the start of WWI, was an age of imperialism. One place that felt victim to this imperialism was Africa. At this time Africa was a wholly unmodernized continent. The reason the Europeans went after Africa was the introduction of the idea of social Darwinism and the “white man’s burden”. Social Darwinism is the belief that only the strongest and the most cunning can make it to the top of the social ladder, and it was the White Man’s Burden to step in for these undeveloped countries

Globalization is the proximate and multidimensional set of political, economic, social, and technological integration around the globe. The increasing interconnectedness among countries can be seen through the prism of globalization. Essentially, the lives of people living in distant cities like Bangalore and Silicon Valley are brought closer as a result of this phenomenon. Drivers of this adjacent include; the expansion of trade, technological exchange, labor movement and investments (Stearns 2017). The discourse of globalization encompasses several multidisciplinary themes. The paper, however, concentrates on the economic factors, “which, entails the closer economic integration of countries of the world through increased flow of goods, services, capital and even labor.” (Stiglitz 2007: 4). The paper focuses on economic globalization and elucidates whether the globalization has reduced poverty and inequality or had reproduced the reversed implications. Meanwhile, the paper reveals if the developing world has benefited from the set. This seems to be the central question that policymakers, development economists, and politicians have been grappling with for years. The paper is presented in three parts. Part one reflects on the historical context of the problem statement. The second part compiles literature and juxtaposes with cases to corroborate the globalization-poverty-inequality triangle. Finally, the conclusion represents the author’s viewpoint on the

Though Kenya’s impoverished and underdeveloped conditions were certainly not highlighted in the film, I believe it is important to observe. These conditions are best displayed by the state of the primary school. In the film, students were forced to sit 5 students to a desk and were crammed into a tiny room. Moreover, the Kenyans were highly grateful for the concept of free education. This highly contrasts the state of American schools, which are typically well funded. Americans are used to the concept of free education, so much so, that people now desire free higher education. I believe this theme is important to note because it is the key difference between the Kenyan and American