The Pros And Cons Of Genetic Testing

The documentary ‘Chicago City of the Century’ tells a remarkable story about a city that underwent a horrific event, the people that did not want it to perish, and the enterpenurs that helped revive the city and proved that you can change a bad situation into something good.

There are two main ways genetic testing places a constraint on a child’s right to an open future. The first of these is that the revelation of a child’s disease status can change his life narrative and the way parents and others treat him, and substantially alter his or her life’s trajectory (Davis _____). Parents may feel guilty or shelter their not-yet-sick

In the article, “Sequencing the Unborn”, by Kai Kupferschmidt discusses a new procedure that could change the way how genetic diseases are found in fetuses. Currently doctors are able to extract some fluid in the womb or placenta, has a one percent probability that it could cause a miscarriage. However a chemical pathologist, Dennis Lo discovered that there is enough of the fetuses DNA in the mothers. Instead using the previous method mentioned, parents and doctors could instead use the ten percent of fetus DNA that is in the mothers' blood. This can still be quite tricky, Lo stated when knowing the parent's haplotypes, it is possible to figure out the fetuses genome.

In Improvements in Prenatal Genetic Testing Raise Ethnic Issues, R. J. Crayton produced an article about prenatal testing and whether or not parents should be allowed to have these tests done. First the situation of a high risk baby who will have a disability or defect after birth, so the parents decide to abort the child is being viewed as an inequality to the disabled community. Secondly, certain adoptions are put on hold since the biological parents chose to not carry the unborn child through the entire pregnancy, however, the surrogate mother wants to carry the child through the entire term. Lastly, research shows that the results can be a false positive, so unintentionally the parents decide not to keep the unknown, but healthy baby.

These methods of genetic testing are accurate, as long as the genetic origin of the tested disease is known (Mahdieh & Rabbani, 2013), but their reliability is harmed by the fact that the results determine probability of diseases occurring (Holt, 2012). Even though a test accurately determines the presence of a given mutation, that mutation may only indicate a patient’s predisposition to developing symptoms. Since other genes or environmental factors may play a part in the tested disease, the results of testing aren’t entirely reliable for a conclusion of whether or not a patient will develop the disease.

   The Human Genome Project is the largest scientific endeavor undertaken since the Manhattan Project, and, as with the Manhattan Project, the completion of the Human Genome Project has brought to surface many moral and ethical issues concerning the use of the knowledge gained from the project. Although genetic tests for certain diseases have been available for 15 years (Ridley, 1999), the completion of the Human Genome Project will certainly lead to an exponential increase in the number of genetic tests available. Therefore, before genetic testing becomes a routine part of a visit to a doctor's office, the two main questions at the heart of the controversy surrounding genetic testing must be

Many people have a negative outlook on prenatal genetic testing but that is because they are not educated on the goals

genetic testing, everything has changed. She notes that clinicians now have the ability to diagnose, treat, and monitor a patient’s illnesses or disease progression in an entirely different manner. This is a far cry from the old medical model of responding to a disease (or defect) only after it appears, and then prescribing the recommended medication or intervention. These genetic medical advances sound miraculous and promising, but the ability to test, screen and provide early intervention does not come without many major ethical dilemmas.

Fertility doctors could use the test to find out which embryos where healthy and which where not .They could then select only the healthy embryos for implantation there for eliminating the risk of such disorders (Moyer, M. W. 2014) Lets look at a case study. When it comes to decision making, designing a genetically modified child may be necessary to save another child’s life.

Collaboration is essential in order to create a working and lasting relationship between politics and Public Administration. This is not only true for the public sector but is possible in the private sector as well. When thinking about the bureaucracy that constantly separates the two, perhaps it is possible to bypass the bureaucracy altogether and simply put ideas into action. There are several examples to be found of charitable trusts simply taking action, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation, and in doing so have not been held to any particular political party or even concept, but simply the need for service to the public without the red tape. There are ways to create these changes through collaboration at the federal, state, and local level.

Throughout history no man nor congress created what would be known today as the Jury System. This system began as an open book for many to occupy, but no one really knew where they stood, until recently, now that it has evolved to the modern conditions presented in the country. The first sign of the jury system being used amongst the criminal justice system was when Democracy was first created. Melvyn Zerman, a publisher sales executive wrote a book Beyond a Reasonable Doubt where he examines the jury system in depth and gives a history overview where it all began. For this, Zerman began with the first encounter in history with a jury system. Around 4th century B.C., Athenians in Ancient Greece viewed their world as “a nation of lawyers and a nation without lawyers” (p. 15). The meaning “a nation of lawyers and a nation without lawyers” expands to a great matter that when the plaintiff and the defendant had an altercation they did not settle this through fighting. Better yet, they handled it in the most civilized way and that’s going to the court justices where each one had to become their own lawyer.

4. Is it right that they would risk having another child inflicted with the same disease in order to possibly save their current child?

As you can see genetic testing is very important and can affect a child's and parents lives for the better and the worst. Children all over the world have serious genetic diseases that affect their life on a daily. Some of these diseases are Achondroplasia, Down syndrome, and Turner's syndrome. Many believe genetic testing is a good way to test for these genetic conditions before the child is even born, but others think that it can harm the baby very badly and even cause a miscarriage, so they choose not to do this kind of testing. Knowing about the most serious genetic diseases is very important for expecting parents to be informed as well as being

Its up to the doctor and parents of that child to decide whether the risk of choosing for the child is worth it or not. It is clear that there has been proof that this big decision can be ethical and unethical, leading to only more controversy.

Every living thing is the product of the genes that were passed down from ancestors. Genes make up everything we are. One gets their traits from their parents. Most people live full lives with relatively good health. However, some people inherit mutated genes or faulty genes. This could lead to genetic disorders that could be life threatening. Even today, many genetic disorders still remain incurable, leaving many people without hope. Genetic therapy could be their answer. It is through this research that the cure for genetic disorders can be found. Though some people believe it is unethical or immoral to alter genes, current therapeutics have not been able to save the lives of the patients with these diseases. Genetic therapy