The Psychological Approaches Of Psychology

It may be said; why is psychology significant in nursing care and why do we use learning theories to assist in patient care? Well according to Walker et al (2007), in the caring profession nurses, spend most, if not all of their working lives interacting with other people. A key part of a nurse’s job is to promote healthful behaviour. When a patient is admitted to hospital it is often their physical illness that can cause a lot of emotional distress. This means gaining a better understanding of how people cope with illnesses whether acute or chronic. Understanding health psychology will

This essay will be looking at four psychological approaches. These are the psychodynamic approach, the humanistic approach, the cognitive approach and the behaviourist approach. Furthermore this essay will be describing and evaluating a psychologist's theory for each approach. The psychodynamic approach will be looking at Sigmund Freud's (1856-1939) theory of personality and the humanistic approach will be looking at Abraham Maslow's (1943) hierarchy of needs theory . The cognitive approach will be looking at a cognitive theory of memory, this being the multi-store model by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). The cognitive approach will also be looking at a cognitive theory of forgetting, this being trace decay first proposed by Edward Thorndike (1914). Finally, the behaviourist approach will look into an example of classical conditioning in humans (first proposed by Burrhus Frederic Skinner, 1940-90), this being the acquisition of phobias, and also an example of operant conditioning in humans (first proposed by Ivan Petrovich Pavlow, 1849-1936), this being the acquisition of language.

Psychology is a broad field that studies the human mind, behavior and mental processes. However I was surprised to learn that psychology also refers to love, stress, wisdom, and more topics that allows one learn more about themself. There are four goals of psychology: describe, understand, predict, and control behavior. Not only is psychology a science, it is a profession.

Psychology is a discipline that involves monitoring mental processes and behaviour scientifically. Psychologists try to delve into the basic functions of a person and animals cerebral activity. This usually involves studying relationships, emotions, personality and many more areas of a person or animals day to day life. Psychology tends to steer towards finding reasons for a person or animals actions in an attempt to resolve them.

Psychology is the scientific “study of the mind” (Gross, 2015) and behaviour, which includes the study of humans and animals. There are various approaches in modern psychology. A theoretical approach is a perspective which is someone’s view about human behaviour, there can be many different theories within an approach, however they all piece together the same assumptions. (McLeod, 2007). A theory is an attempt by theorists to try to explain behaviour. Theories are not facts but can be verified by testing. Theories can then be evaluated which I aim to achieve through this essay, where I will briefly explain the theoretical approaches in psychology and aim to focus on an analysis of each perspective which consists of the psychodynamic,

Psychology is the scientific “study of the mind” (Gross, 2015) and behavior, which includes the study of humans and animals. There are various approaches in modern psychology. A theoretical approach is a perspective (view) about human behavior, there may be several different theories within an approach, but they all share these common assumptions and principles. (McLeod, 2007). A theory is an attempt by theorists to try to explain behavior. Theories are not facts but can be verified by testing. Theories can then be evaluated which I aim to do through this essay, where I will briefly explain the theoretical approaches in psychology and aim to focus on an analysis for each perspective which consist of the psychodynamic, humanist, cognitive and behavioral approaches where I will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each approach separately.

In this essay I will be looking at different approaches and theories used in psychology.

The first perspective that is to be discussed is the biological model, which looks at psychology in regards to biological factors, such as how the brain works and changes, what factors do genetics play in one’s life, and anything else that relates to physical aspects of the human body. It also questions the mental state of a person by looking at the brain and other physical processes. The origin of abnormal behavior for this model is genetics and issues with neurotransmitters. This model views assessment by doing lab work or by looking at an MRI and views medication as a way of treatment.

Psychology can be defined as the systematic study of mental processes, couple with behaviors, and experiences (Kalat, 2011). There are many ways in examining, mental processes and behaviors among people, and therefore psychologist uses different perspectives to understand how human beings, think, act, and behave. Some psychologist uses one perspective to analyze behaviors, and other uses a multidimensional approach. Carter & Seifert (2013) identified 7 major perspectives that are used to study people’s behavior, and mental processes. These perspectives are the biological, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, and the sociocultural perspective.

The psychodynamic approach is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. Sigmund Freud the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology or psychoanalysis. While he led the process to look at subconscious thoughts and desires most of his beliefs were wrong. Some beliefs are that our behavior and feelings as adults (including psychological problems) are rooted in our childhood experiences, Personality is made up of three parts: the id, ego and superego. Parts of the unconscious mind (the id and superego) are in constant conflict with the conscious part of the mind (the ego).

There are 4 different approaches to psychology such as Cognitive, Biological, Psychodynamic and Behaviourism (Jarvis, M. et al. 2004). Cognitive approach deals with the mental processes such as the memory, the way of thinking and problem solving which is a necessity to process information. It concentrates on the mental process, which contrasts with behaviourism (Woods, B. 2006). Behaviourism approach focuses on how an individual behaves in different circumstances. It states that behaviour is formed through positive and negative reinforcements as well as the behaviour are a response to a stimulus.

1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression.

Nursing is an integral part of the health system, it’s a professional field that is concerned with taking care of the sick or injured person, and providing preventive health care. Psychology on the other hand is the science of behavior and mental process-Myers (chap 1). The study of psychology helps nurses to understand patients character, thoughts and actions. Greater understanding of patient’s health needs, contribute to change their behaviors, and state of mind and emotions. The field of psychology has some major perspectives which include the behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, and humanistic. The behavioral perspective views the observable responses and behavior of the individual in different situations, when communication occurs between

This paper consists of the similarities and differences between two therapies used in psychology. The approaches are known as the Client-Centered Approach and the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. They are both used daily, world-wide, and can be seen in different ways. In psychology, the use of therapy, approaches, and techniques are used all the time. The client-centered model is all about the clients themselves and the cognitive behavioral therapy relies on direct counseling tools to control and guide the client. Cognitive behavioral therapy is more short-term treatment is structured and is going towards a goal whereas the client-centered model aims towards asking

The behavioral perspective of psychology is focused on explaining why people react the way they do to specific situations and environments. People will tend to act differently according to the environment they happen to be in, and they will most likely act in a way where the most benefit will be attained. If a reward is given every time a certain action is made, people will begin to change their behavior in order to receive the reward. The reward gives a sense of satisfaction to the people, so it is easy for them to fall in the habit of doing that certain action. Punishment is also something that will change a person’s doing. If punishment is repeatedly given for a particular action, just like with the reward, people will automatically adjust their behavior to avoid the negative consequence. It seems that the way people act is directly influenced by the consequences of their actions, and it has nothing to do with anything going on inside their minds. This perspective does not take in account the processes of the mind because those mental processes cannot be observed or studied directly. The problem with taking mental processes in account is that it would leave many questions unanswered about the reasons for a particular behavior.