The purpose of the Anatomy and Chemistry of the Human Liver Lab is to understand and observe the functions of the liver in the human body. Throughout the experimentation process, the goal of the lab was to recognize the function of the liver when the organ becomes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and be able to classify the chemical reactions that take place during the process. My original prediction, or hypothesis, is: if a section of a liver, accompanied by a catalase, is exposed to hydrogen peroxide then the chemical reaction that will occur will be decomposition and exothermic. During the experimental process, three trials were performed and recorded with equivalent amounts of chicken liver, weighing .55 grams each, while reacting in the same amounts of hydrogen peroxide,10 mL. Before performing our trials, we measured the constant temperature of the hydrogen peroxide, which was 23.7 degrees Celsius. The first trial began with a temperature of 23.6 degrees Celsius, and rose to a finishing temperature of 24.1 degrees Celsius. As for trial two, this experiment was performed the next day, and had a starting temperature of 24.6 degrees Celsius and ending temperature of 25.8 degrees Celsius. The third trial, also performed the next day, the starting temperature was also 24.6 degrees Celsius and the ending temperature was 26.3 degrees Celsius, measuring as the highest increase in temperature among the trials. The increase in temperature enabled the observation of energy in the
The more acidic a substance is the less oxygen it will produce when going through a chemical reaction. During the Lab “How Do Changes in pH Levels Affect Enzymes Activity”, the researcher conducted an experiment to test the effects that an acidic, neutral, and a base substance will have when combine it with hydrogen peroxide. The data table shows that HCL (acidic substance) barley produced any oxygen at all when it was combining with Hydrogen Peroxide. The pH level for HCL was 2.5; this level indicates that the substance was very acidic. When the H2O and NaOH were tested they produced more bubbles than HCL. NaoH produced a little more bubbles than HCL. The pH that NaoH produced was a 9, which is a base. H2O produced more bubbles than both substances;
Put the 100 g of potato in 1 petri dish and 100 g of liver in another petri dish. Then put equal amounts of hydrogen peroxide for an equal period of time in both dishes. Drain the dishes and titrate them with potassium permanganate simultaneously. The numbers can now be compared using the steps in the sample calculation above in the lab report. In order to compare perform a potassium permanganate titration on pure hydrogen peroxide.
The topic of this lab is on biochemistry.This experiment was conducted to show how cells prevent the build of hydrogen peroxide in tissues. My group consisted of Lekha, Ruth, and Jason. There were used two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide through this experiment , 1.5% and 3%. By testing two different types it is easier to understand how the H2O2 and catalase react with one another. To do this both the yeast, which was our catalase, and H2O2 were mixed together in a beaker. Each concentration was tested out twice for more accurate results . 1.5% concentrated H2O2 had an average reaction rate of 10.5 seconds while 3% concentrated H2O2 had an average reaction rate of 7.5 seconds. From this experiment we learned that by increasing the concentration of H2O2 and chemically combining it with a catalase it will speed up the reaction. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions . The independent variable in this experiment was the concentration of the H2O2. Some key vocabulary words are Catalase, enzyme, hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2), and concentration.
Hypothesis: I believe the rate of reaction will speed up as the temperature increases until it reaches about 37oC, which is the body temperature, where it will begin to slow down and stop reacting. I believe this will occur because enzymes have a temperature range at which they work best in and once the temperature goes out of this range the enzyme will stop working.
In this lab, there are two days. In the first day, there are is part A and part B. Part A is further divided into three experiments. In experiment one, we were to figure out the heat capacity of the calorimeter that we made. The next two experiment’s goal was to calculate the enthalpy of 2 reactions and using hess’s law, figure out the heat of formation of magnesium oxide. In a reaction, there are
11. The experiment was repeated three more times using different water temperatures (room temp water, cold temp water, hot temp water).
In the first part of the enzyme lab, we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together, we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got, the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increased about 10% a minute until it sort of equilibrated at 4 minutes and didn’t change to the fifth minute mark. If we were to change anything we did in the experiment, we would make our comparisons to the chart more precise. Overall we thought it
There were three test tubes in which the experiment was held. A relatively equal sized portion of raw potato (this contained the enzyme [a biological catalyst] hydrogen peroxidase) was placed in each tube. Then, enough water to cover the potato was added. Proceeding this, each of the test tubes were assigned a temperature; cold, room temperature or warm (this was written on the tag so that they were not confused). The test tube destinated ‘cold’ was placed in a ice bath for five minutes. At the same time, the ‘hot’ test tube was placed in a hot water bath for five minutes. Meanwhile, the room temperature test tube sat at room temperature for five minutes. When the five minutes were over, the test tubes were returned to the rack (so that they were able to be observed). Then, the test tubes were allowed to sit at room temperature for five more minutes. Once that period of time was over, 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide (the substrate) was added to each tube.
The differences for the rates of reaction between the liver and potato are accounted for because liver contains more catalase enzymes than potatoes. This is because the liver is responsible for ridding toxins out of the body and as a result needs more catalase enzymes to do so; explaining the bigger reaction it had with the hydrogen peroxide.
The purpose of this investigation is to discover the effect of pH on the activity of catalase, an enzyme which plays the integral role of converting hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, and discover which pH level it will work at the most efficient rate (the optimum). The original hypothesis states that that the optimum would be at a pH is 7, due to the liver, where catalase usually resides, being neutral. The experiment consists of introducing the catalase to hydrogen peroxide, after exposure to certain solutions; hydrogen peroxide, water and hydrochloric acids, all containing the adjusted pH, and measuring the height of froth formed, an observable representation of the activity of the enzyme. The final data indicated that
The chemical hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) is broken down by the enzyme catalase. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct formed in cellular reactions that, if not broken down, could inflict severe damage to the cell. Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in to water and oxygen. How efficient and strong the enzymes reaction to break down H₂O₂ determines largely on temperature and pH level. An enzyme only functions within a set pH and temperature range. Beyond that it becomes denatured, rendering it useless. The purpose of this lab is to determine at which temperature and pH level the enzyme catalase reacts best. Catalase in chicken and beef livers will be used to do the lab because enzymes still function after death as long as they are kept refrigerated at a low temperature.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nowadays in the United States, liver disease is a major health burden. In 2011, it was the 12th leading cause of death 1. Liver investigation techniques has been changed over the past years. Liver biopsy (LB) was the vital technique of liver examination for about 50 years 2,3. It is used for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring the therapeutic effects of liver disease 3. In addition, liver transplantation is a new indication for LB 4. LB, however, is an invasive procedure and new investigation tools such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance 3, not to mention the recent noninvasive fibrosis assessment tests (serum fibrosis markers and transient elastography). For these reasons,
Past literature define cirrhosis as a non-reversible end result of liver disease, however recent studies have shown it’s a dynamic process. If K.D stops his alcohol intake, he will reduce the acetaldehyde and acetate in his body which is the main causes of cell and tissue damage. The mechanism of tissue reversal takes place by blocking the formation of excessive acetaldehyde in the mitochondria. In the absence of excessive alcohol in the cells, only the primary alcohol oxidative metabolic pathway takes place. Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde by the cytosolic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Due to the ADH’s high affinity and low capacity, saturation occurs very quickly. If the patient consumes excessive alcohol, the body has to start
To find the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme, the experiment deals with the steps as follows. First, 3 mL if pH 7 phosphate buffer was used to fill three different test tubes that were labeled 10, 24, and 50. These three test tubes were set in three different temperature settings. The first test tube was placed in an ice-water bath for ten minutes until it reached a temperature of 2° C or less. The second tube’s temperature setting was at room temperature until a temperature of 21°C was reached. The third tube was placed in a beaker of warm-water until the contents of the beaker reached a temperature setting of 60° C. There were four more test tubes that were included in the procedure. Two of the test tubes contained potato juice were one was put in ice and the other was placed in warm-water. The other two test tubes contained catechol. One test tube was put in ice and the other in warm water. After
Testing the Effects of Temperature on the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide with the Enzyme Catalase