In the first centuries following the death of Muhammad, to be Muslim was to be Arab. However, as Islam gained political and social influence around the world, Muslim identity became less intertwined with a certain ethnicity. Today, there are 1.8 billion Muslims in the world, comprising nearly 25% of the world’s population. Yet, only 206 million of these 1.8 billion Muslims actually speak Arabic, the language of the Qur’an (Brown, 5). In fact, the country with the greatest population of Muslims is Indonesia, where Indonesian and Malay are predominately spoken. Thus, for the nearly 1.6 Muslims who do not speak Arabic, they must rely on translations of the Qur’an to guide their practice. These translations have extreme importance, as they influence how the majority of Muslims interpret and practice Islam. On Quranic translations, Michael Sells notes, “In any translation, there is a loss and an effort to compensate for that loss” (26). It is vital to endeavor to identify these losses in meaning and form, as they inform how the majority of the Muslim community practices Islam. An analysis of three different translations of Surah 92: The Night will identify the losses in Quranic translations and how various translators attempt to make up for this loss. Although translations of the Qur’an lead to certain losses in meaning and form, if the same message is maintained between Surah translations, then these losses are effectively inconsequential. The Night, or Al-Lail is a Meccan
In its Golden Age, Islam’s influence reached all the way to Spain, Anatolia, West Africa, and India, among other regions. While these regions were all, in a way, united under a common religion, each of them both altered and were altered by Islam in their own unique ways. Although there were similarities that existed with the spread of Islam to each of those places, many more differences prevailed. Differences and similarities existed in the forms of the role of migration, role of trade, role of cultural exchange, methods of conversion to Islam, and the unique cultural developments in each region.
Islam, a religion of people submitting to one God, seeking peace and a way of life without sin, is always misunderstood throughout the world. What some consider act of bigotry, others believe it to be the lack of education and wrong portrayal of events in media; however, one cannot not justify the so little knowledge that America and Americans have about Islam and Muslims. Historically there are have been myths, many attacks on Islam and much confusion between Islam as a religion and Middle Easter culture that is always associated with it. This paper is meant to dispel, or rather educate about the big issues that plague people’s minds with false ideas and this will only be touching the surface.
The Koran Interpreted, a translation by A. J. Arberry (New York: Touchstone, 1996). ©1955 by George Allen
In “The Phony Islam of ISIS,” religious studies professor Caner Dagli addresses an argument made by Graeme Wood about the real intentions of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). Dagli explains how Wood’s essay “implies that such a rejection of ISIS by other Muslims can only be hypocritical or naïve, and that ISIS members and supporters follow the texts of Islam as faithfully and seriously as anyone.” Dagli opposes this argument by claiming that ISIS does not take the texts seriously, and further examining the Quran and its contents to support this point. He explains the complex nature of the book and how it consists of the ḥadīth which is an extensive collection that has been compiled over time. Dagli describes how ISIS “members search for text snippets that support their argument, claim that these fragments are reliable even if they are not, and disregard all contrary evidence.” This fallacy does not equate to ISIS following the texts faithfully or seriously, but rather “cherry-picking what they like and ignoring what they do not” (Dagli). In order to further expose the “phony Islam” that ISIS members follow, Dagli identifies the narrow and rigid interpretation of the Quran that the group uses, stating, “this is not literalism. It is exclusivism.” Using Wood’s argument that ISIS speeches are “laced with theological and legal discussion,” Dagli explains that there is a difference between being able to “lace” a conversion and actually comprehending the traditions and meaning of a religion. To
It is important to note that Islam and Muslim society as a whole is depicted differently by different scholars. The depiction of the Muslim culture is mainly prejudicial and biased based on the faith and beliefs of the scholars. Most Christian scholars have consistently and unapologetically presented Islam and Muslim society as violent, evil, and idolatrous. The aim of this paper is to analyze how Islam and Muslim community is highlighted in the “Song of Roland” and the ‘Life of Saint Louis.” Both scholars depict Islam and Muslim society as unquestionably evil,
In comparison, the Holy Quran, written after the Old Testament, remains in its original form. Written in Arabic, Quran means “recitation” and contains Islamic teachings believed to bring guidance, direction, and “IS the word of God,” whom they call Allah. It is against Islamic law to change the text in any way because Muslims believe Mohammad, founder of Islam, wrote the verses as revealed to him by the angel Gabriel. Muslims view Mohammad not as the creator of the religion, but as the restorer of the original the Hebrew Bible. Islam teaches Mohammad was not only a religious prophet but also a political and military leader. He was human, but not without sin, so he is not God. Although there have been several language translations, a good follower must read and memorize its teaching in its native Arabic language. For a follower to live by Islam he must completely submit (to God). In looking at its history,
As of today, the world’s two largest religions Christianity and Islam share an estimated 3.6 billion members, more than half of the world’s population. On the surface, they appear to have almost nothing in common, however, as one goes beyond the surface and examines the other factors such as the rituals, beliefs, ethics, founders, and convictions, the two religions share many similarities. However, in order to truly see and understand these similarities and differences, one must date back to the rise and birth of Christianity and Islam.
In “Images of Jesus Christ in Islam,” Oddbjorn Leirvik warns the reader that one can easily read the Quran with a Christian bias, ignoring historical context (28). Examining the similarities and differences in the Christologies presented in the Bible and the Quran can easily garner such biases. Leirvik brings several issues forth that add perspective to examining the Muslim Jesus in comparison to the Christian Jesus. It is indisputable that each religious tradition is in support and full belief of its own message. Both Christianity and
The region of the Middle East and its inhabitants have always been a wonder to the Europeans, dating back to the years before the advent of Islam and the years following the Arab conquest. Today, the Islamic world spreads from the corners of the Philippines to the far edges of Spain and Central Africa. Various cultures have adopted the Islamic faith, and this blending of many different cultures has strengthened the universal Islamic culture. The religion of Islam has provided a new meaning to the lives of many people around the world. In the Islamic world, the religion defines and enriches culture and as a result the culture gives meaning to the individual. Islam is not only a religion, it is in its own way a culture. It may be this very
Surah 80 of the Quran, which is also known as “`Abasa” or “He Frowned”, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad at an important time in Islam’s expansion. The surah makes use of many literary techniques to indicate the historical context to the reader, as well as strengthen the surah’s themes. Surah 80 has also a topic of interest for Islamic scholars, such as Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi and Muhammad Asad. Their interpretations and
The objective of this work is to examine Islam, a highly controversial sensitive issue in today's world and specifically to examine the misconceptions, beliefs, and values of those of the Islamic faith. Most people think that the majority of Muslims live in the Middle East, while in reality there are more people of the Islamic faith living in Indonesia. Islam, just as Judaism and Christianity, is practiced in various cultures, serves to shape, and is shaped by those cultures. This study examines the perceptions of those of the three faiths in various countries and how they view one another and seek to answer how a level of threat is felt by those belonging to these three religious groups in various countries. Countries examined in this study include those of the United States, Great Britain, India, Pakistan, and the Middle East. The depth of understanding or the teachings of Islam among the various religious groups in these various countries will also be examined in terms of how these understandings impact the ways that Muslims and non-Muslims interact and communicate with one another.
The holy Quran is a collection of the divinely inspired utterances and discourses (Ahmed, 16). It is composed of some 300 pages which are divided into 114 Surahs (chapters). The general tone of the holy Quran is sombre and meditative. It is a dialogue between God and humanity. At the core is a moral earnestness (Ahmed, 16). The Quran also teaches that humanity is created by God and therefore God understands its weaknesses and in Allah humans find the source of peace. Islam’s appeal lay – and – lies in the simplicity: one God, one Book, one Prophet (Ahmed, 17). Islam is a religion of balance, equilibrium, and compassion. The Islamic virtues are courage, generosity, cleanliness, and piety: and in his life the Prophet exemplifies them (Ahmed, 17).
Our religion and where we are raised is a major ingredient to formulating our identity. It is also why one person may perceive, as ‘kissing in public’ to being extremely wrong, where as one may not even notice it. Within the Iranian and Middle-Eastern culture, numerous perceive situations through the rights and wrongs of the Holy Quran. Research also claims that many of the passages within the Holy Quran “…are meant for human perception and comprehension…” (Berrada 45). This statement illustrates that our
Although Islam is the second largest religion in the world with a following of 1.8 billion followers, no other religion has faced more scrutiny and hardship in the past decades. This has been caused by media and governments labeling Islam as a whole with their extremist groups like Al Queda and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. I even thought that the principals held by these extremist group were more common in Islam than they are. After studying Islam and gaining more information I came to respect this religion more than any other we studied this semester because of its seriousness and unity. The Quran and Hadith provide concrete details and instructions to follow in the faith of Islam. No texts from any other religion are as upfront with their beliefs than these. Muhammad was and continues to be a powerful and understanding leader that has led it to becoming the world’s fastest growing religion. I enjoyed studying the powerfulness of Muhammad and the direct voice of God in the Quran that is sets Islam apart from Judaism and Christianity.
Due to its ability to harbor some notable rhyme, it hardly appears as plain prose. Concurrently, the Quran lacks the appropriate meters to categorize it as a piece of poetry. It firmly appears as an ascertained approach that was popularly referred to as Saj in pre-Islamic Arabia, although it was an epoch of heated discussions among scholars (Mir). Although the contents, language, and method of the Quran, as well as the social and legal implications emanating from the same, have been examined since ancient duration, new advances have typically been proposed to investigate the book in the light of the mentioned approaches.