The Reasons For Crime : The Causes Of Crime

In this assignment I will be examining and investigating the effects of crime on individuals, communities and business and discussing the role of services that support victims of crime and witness. There are a lot of people and communities that are impacted negatively by crime. However in the public service, there are approaches used in order to reduce crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour. This is done by using websites and wardens to keep track of recent crimes. Also I will be writing about how both public and third sector

One may avoid negativity for any kind of reason. One may be distressed by it, or perhaps one may find negativity traumatizing to their emotions. Whatever it may be, some people attempt to dodge any sort of negativity. The topic of my independent novel serves to not only challenge the idea of avoiding any kind of depressing news, but to bring light to new ways of thinking that humanity should adopt should we want to understand the roots of crime. Furthermore, we should use our knowledge of these roots to prevent crime.

Crime is the product of the social structure; it is embedded in the very fibres of society. In this essay, I aim to explore different theories as to why crime exists within society and how we as a society therefore construct it. Crime is a social construct; it is always in society and is on the increase. It is inevitable. Where does it come from? It comes from legislation, from the making of laws.

Kelling and Wilson’s article “Broken Windows” focuses on the importance of disorder in generating and sustaining crime that is more severe. The writers explain that disorder is not directly related to serious crime, but instead leads to increased fear as well as withdrawal from residents, which allows more serious crime to move in because of decreased levels of informal societal control. Kelling and Wilson believe that police can play a key role in disrupting this process. If they put their focus on disorder and minor crimes in neighborhoods that have not yet been overtaken by serious crime, they can help reduce fear and resident withdrawal. The promotion of advanced levels of informal social control can help people take control of their neighborhood

society. In the last few years, a slight dip in violent crime has been noted,

been accompanied by increasing number of total crimes as well as all crimes per million households. Moreover, despite increase in domestic federal spending in 1987 dollars increased from 150 billion in 1960 to 720 billion in 1992, crime rate--crimes per 10,000 population--in the United States increased from 189 in 1960 to 566 in 1992. From about 1975, a sharp increase in incarceration from about 100 per 100,000 population around 1975 in the United States led to more than 400, a historically unprecedented level, by 1995.(Chennareddy 136).

The ones most responsible for controlling crime in the community is the community itself. Although the other factors, such as government, education, and families, are crucial, the community is ultimately accountable. They are the ones who control a large group of people and attend their specific needs. In order to control crimes within the neighborhood, it should be solved by the people who live within the region. In addition, the individuals living in the area must be able to solve their own situations, which in this case includes controlling crime.

The aim of this essay is to compare, contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation.

(UCR Publications,2012) Though it may sound that I currently live in a city where the crime rate is higher than other cities in the US but I live on a golf course where the majority of the neighbors are older and wealthy. Like every city there’s a good side of town and a bad side. Not to be stereotypical but most of the crimes occur in those parts of town, usually in the area were low income people live. As well as homeless people may be found. I don’t want to seem biased either because even in the good parts of town these crimes may occur. The patterns that are seen here is that the crime start very high it stays like that for a while, then it suddenly drops as newer generation start to grow and begin to experiment or begin to get involve in unhealthy habits, or their environment is compromised.

In the 1990 the crime rate in the United States dropped substantially. This, all over the United States, began to raise many question on why the crime rates had dropped so suddenly in a short amount of time. These questions were thought to be very intriguing to Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. They then decided to write a book call, “Freakonomic,” with a chapter inside called “Where Have All the Criminals Gone?” This chapter focused on why, in the 1990, had criminal rates dropped substantially.

The causes of crime seem to be indefinite and ever changing. In the 19th century, slum poverty was blamed; in the 20th century, a childhood without love was blamed (Adams 152). In the era going into the new millennium, most experts and theorists have given up all hope in trying to pinpoint one single aspect that causes crime. Many experts believe some people are natural born criminals who are born with criminal mindsets, and this is unchangeable. However, criminals are not a product of heredity. They are a product of their environment and how they react to it. This may seem like a bogus assumption, but is undoubtedly true.

Throughout the United States and internationally, many different efforts have been made to understand and combat crime. Some of these attempts are basic and seem commonsense, some are more drastic. An example is

As the nineties began, the general theory of crime became the most prominent criminological theory ever proposed; furthermore, it is empirically recognized as the primary determinant in deviant and criminal behaviors. Known also as the self-control theory, the general theory of crime can most simply be defined as the absence or lack of self-control that an individual possesses, which in turn may lead them to commit unusual and or unlawful deeds. Authored by educator Michael R. Gottfredson and sociologist Travis Hirschi, A General Theory of Crime (1990) essentially “dumbed down” every theory of crime into two words, self-control. The widely accepted book holds that low self-control is the main reason that a person initiates all crimes, ranging from murder and rape to burglary and embezzlement. Gottfredson and Hirschi also highlighted, in A General Theory of Crime (1990), that low self-control correlates with personal impulsivity. This impulsive attitude leads individuals to become insensitive to deviant behaviors such as smoking, drinking, illicit sex, and gambling (p. 90). The extreme simplicity, yet accuracy, of Gottfredson’s and Hirschi’s general theory of crime (self-control theory), make it the most empirically supported theory of criminal conduct, as well as deviant acts.

Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012).

First of all, the world in which we live in depends a lot on financial