The Recent Adoption Of The Sustainable Development Goals

In 2015, the United Nations (UN) created a set of 17 goals, which they said were necessary to achieve to ensure worldwide human development. The final goal is that as countries strive to meet the goals, they become more developed, and as they develop, the standard of living for citizens increases too. It is important to strive for all the goals, but there are two that are necessary in accomplishing first and that will lead to achieving of the rest of the goals. These two goals are quality education and decent work and economic growth. These two are extremely important in accomplishing because the pave the way to reaching the goal of all 17 more obtainable.

For many years, the U.S. has cut back on its promised obligations and responsibilities to help the cause of development aid. Between 1990 and 1993, U.S. exports to developed countries grew by 6.2%. In contrast, during that same period, U.S. exports to developing countries grew by a remarkable 49.8%, yielding 46 billion dollars more and 920,000 jobs in the United States (Atwood). Assistance cuts hurt America’s

and development that would lead to a more, stable and prosperous global economy” ( MF,

It is necessary that each development goals need to monitor periodically and evaluate the outcomes and hindrance. Sometimes, it is difficult to achieve the development goals thatswhy individual has responsibility to review the development goals

Throughout this article, Tom Risen discusses the objectives set by the United Nations to end extreme poverty and World Hunger. The objectives set by the United Nations were known as the Millennium Development Goals and most of the goals were achieved throughout the reform. The United Nations set formidable goals to diminish global poverty and hunger by 2015. While the project successfully cut World Hunger into a small percentage and poverty in half, the multinational groups were conflicted about how much developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa can enhance by the year 2030. The campaign was also able to help reduce the death of children under the age of five by vaccination efforts against measles. Mr. Risen additionally describes how the

In 2000, United Nations announced the Millennium Declaration for global development and committed to achieve eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 (United Nations, 2000). Over the past 15 years, by reviewing and reflecting the failures and success of these ambitious goals (Childs, 2015), the debate about international giving continues. To support the stance about “the U.S. government and NGOs should stop aiding more to foreign countries,” this memo will briefly indicate this stand. In order to be well prepared for our debate, this note could provide a brief outline for this point of view.

In recent years, development focuses have shifted from leaving the power in the hands of multilateral organizations to distributing the power to a range of actors. The idea that the government has the ultimate knowledge and power an out-dated (CCIC, 1). Partnerships and participation refer to the stakeholders in decision-making for projects and development and how they interact. These strategies ensure that every one has a voice in decision-making and the project is being implemented in a fair way. These strategies include all of the international development agents; NGOs, CSOs, governmental institutions, working in partnerships for international development.

Millennium Development Goals (MDG) setting for 2015 by the United Nations, the Brazilian government estimated that it could fulfil most of the set goals.

Economic growth is the most powerful instrument for reducing poverty and improving the quality of life in developing countries by creating jobs, transforming society and driving human development. As trade goes on, economic globalization introduces new companies to another and increases employment across the globe. When people have a job, they have a relatively stable income, and thus become better off than before. One key of UN Millennium Goals is to halve the proportion of people living under the international poverty line of $1.25 per day by 2015 from its 1990 level. Thanks to the amazing speed of economic globalization, this prime target of the Millennium Development Goals was achieved around 2008, seven years earlier than planned (Chandy and Gertz). It is more surprising that only the six years from 2005 to 2011 would likely reduce half a million of people in poverty while the same feat had taken 25 years up to 2005. Needless to say, the speed continues to increase. Economic globalization is never simply a notion suggesting theoretical benefits in textbook, but has been making great actual progress in the recent decades.

There is extensive literature written on development projects and the reasons for their success. Many authors have looked at the outcome of development projects specifically pertaining to U.S. government agencies such as USAID and the Department of Defense (DoD) while other authors have analyzed development projects in general (including projects from US agencies, internaitoal organizations, and nonprofits) and how the management of these projects effected the outcome. Sheryl Lewis, in her article "Capacity Development - The Pathway to Self-Reliance for Host Nations", argues that capacity development plays an important role in U.S. assistance, so much that it is currently being addressed both by the State Department and DoD. She uses the United States Army Corps of Engineers as an example of an agency that has historically focused on capacity improvement to address private and public sector management and argues its necessity in sustaining development projects. Andrew Natsios argues in “"The Nine Principles of Reconstruction and Development" that the roles of the State

The role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in emerging economies is growing, as shown by the growth of foreign direct investment (FDI), which in 2015 stood at $681 billion, up from $671 billion in 2013 (UNCTAD, 2015). Despite the above positive changes, some countries remain marginal areas in global terms. While emerging economies collectively account for 83% of the world 's population, they only account for less than 32 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and FDI (UNDESA, 2015; WB, 2015). Consequently, the extent of economic and social challenges facing some developing countries remains enormous despite decades of MNC investments. One major social problem facing many of the emerging economies is still high levels of human poverty (UNM-MDG, 2015). Some African countries such as Zambia, are faced with the challenge of a large proportion of the population living in abject poverty (Gamu, le Billon, & Spiegel, 2015). The challenges prevail despite more than two decades of applying macroeconomic (basically structural adjustment programs) and microeconomic interventions (specifically through increased availability of microcredit) (Turyahabwa, 2014). According to the UN Millennium Development Goal Report of 2015 (UN-MDG, 2015), about 38% of the poor population in sub-Saharan Africa is chronically poor. At the current pace of development, the region is unlikely to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for poverty reduction within a stipulated time frame: by 2147

Recent success has been achieved in all three elements due to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The UN has spent recent years drafting a set of new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that will introduce new targets to be achieved by 2030. Amongst these targets are SDGs that are specific to ensuring access to affordable, sustainable and modern energy for all (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs). Figuring out if these targets are measurable will be an essential step to figuring out whether or not these targets can be met in time.

On September 25th, the UN officially announced a new list of Sustainable Development Goals(SDG’s) that would replace the previous Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) that would expire in 2015. Among the list of SDG’s released by the UN, was one in particular, goal number 14, which stated, in relation to Oceans, the aim to “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.” In addition to setting the goal previously mentioned, the UN also set out a list of targets in order to evaluate the set goals.

January 2016 will bring into effect the United Nations (UN) 17 sustainable development goals to transform our world for the better by 2030. These goals are built on the millennium development goals which were introduced in September 2000 (UN, 2015).