The Relation Between Genetics And Physiology And Medicine

Do genes A and C follow Mendel’s principles of inheritance? Why or why not? Explain fully.

Mendel’s first law of inheritance is also known as the law of equal segregation. This law states that the two members of a gene pair segregate equally into gamete cells. In other words, each sex cell contains only one copy of a gene. Mendel discovered the second law—now known as the law of independent assortment—while studying dihybrid crosses. This law states that genes assort independently during gamete formation. This explains how there are different combinations of different phenotypes. In peas, for example, yellow color is not always associated with a round shape. There can be different combinations of round and wrinkled shape with yellow and green color (Griffiths, 2015). Though there are some exceptions to this rule, such as linked genes and sex-linked genes, the traits investigated in this experiment strictly follow Mendelian inheritance.

First is the law of dominance, this is when one trait is dominant over the other, that other trait is the recessive trait. An example is, when you have an ebony body one parent may be yellow while the other may be ebony. In this case, the yellow body parent was recessive in the offspring. The second law is the law of random fertilisation. This is when any fly can mate with any fly, an example is a normal fly can mate with a normal or apterous fly with normal fly. This occurred in our lab because all of our types of flies were in the one container and they decided which flies wanted to mate with each

Those laws state that the offspring gets one allele for each trait from each parent.

The principle of segregation is based on the non-blending of the particles that an offspring would receive from each parent. The principle of segregation relates to question 1 because question 1 talks about traits coming in discrete units, and the principle

The law of segregation is when alleles segregate during meiosis, this means that an individual has two copies of each gene and each gamete gets one copy of each gene. It also states that there are dominant and recessive traits that are passed on randomly from parents to offspring. The law of independent assortment states that traits are passed on independently of other traits from parents to offspring. This means there is an equal chance of obtaining all possible combinations of alleles from different genes in the gametes. (Johnson and Raven,

The main purpose for this conducting this experiment was to further knowledge on Mendelian Genetics and how traits are inherited from generation to generation. Something that we attempted to solve was which traits were considered dominant and which were considered to be recessive. Drosophila melanogaster also known as fruit flies were used in this experiment, Dihybrid crosses were done to gather information on how characteristics are linked from generation to generation. Our crosses consisted of female wild type with male sepia eye/ ebony body and female ebony with male vestigial. It is shown that some inheritance patterns are due to unlinked genes and linked genes.

The Law of independent assortment states that alleles for a trait separate when gametes are

Inheritance involves passing genes from parents of offspring. In meiosis, the Principles of Paired Factors is covered in Prophase when it undergoes synapsis. The Principles of Dominance is the relationship between two alleles. The Law of Segregation is when two alleles will be separated from each other during meiosis. This happens when two copies of each chromosome will be separated from each other. When this happens the two alleles located on the chromosomes will separate from each other. During reproduction, alleles determine what traits are separated into reproductive cells by meiosis.

His second theory was the law of independent assortment which occurs in metaphase I. This theory was construed based on the fact that a new phenotypic ratio occurred in the F2 generation with a di-hybrid cross (9:3:3:1). Here, alleles (genes) are expected to segregate independently from each other (Cain, Urry, & Reece, 2010).

Mendel proposed three fundamental laws for the pattern of genetic inheritance through his various experiments with flowering pea plants (Mendel) (see below):

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity of living organisms. Genes are the sets of chromosomes combined from the mother and father formed into the new set for the offspring. Sets of alleles forming the traits given to an offspring are called either genotypes, or when observable outwardly on the progeny they are called its phenotype. Traits are heterozygous as a gene with one allele is dominant, as its qualities dominate the phenotype of the organism, and the other allele is recessive. Recessive alleles qualities recede and are not observed over the dominant allele. Some alleles do not have complete dominance and instead have incomplete dominance by expressing an intermediate phenotype, or codominance by expressing both alleles at once. Combinations of traits and genes make up the different faces and characteristics seen in our world and communities. One person even if related, unless from identical chromosomes, will not ever look the same as another human being (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008).

Before so, he deduced that all genes come in pairs called alleles that are inherited from each parent. Mendel followed their path only to find the distinct mathematical patterns from one generation to the next. His first law, the Law of Segregation, stated that each trait is inherited by a distinctive pair. Because the parental generation sex cells are randomly divided, the offsprings will therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent, meaning that only a monohybrid cross is needed when this law is initiated. His second law, Law of Independent Assortment, stated that genes for different traits are separated independently so that the two traits do not affect one another, meaning that a dihybrid punnett square is used. His last law, the Law of Dominance, stated that between different alleles, the dominant gene would be

Inherited genetic variations may result from new genetic combinations through meiosis, nondisjunction errors occurring during cell division and through mutations in the DNA of egg and sperm cells.

The two alleles, one contributed by the male and the one by the female gamete remain distinct; alleles do not blend with one another or become altered in any other way