THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AEROBIC CAPACITY AND THE LEVEL OF FITNESS OF ANAEROBIC EXERCISE IN YOUNG ADULTS BY COMPARING THE MEAN CHANGE IN PULSE RATE AND THE NUMBER OF PUSH-UPS Introduction Cells undergo respiration which produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy to support daily activities of human. There are two forms of respiration, namely aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as a reagent in order to produce a higher amount of ATP, yet requiring a longer time. On the contrary, anaerobic respiration generates a higher amount of ATP per unit time, but leads to acidosis which hinders the continuous supply of energy. The mode of respiration depends on the duration and intensity of muscular activity. Muscles used for …show more content…
This is of utmost importance as the effects on cardiovascular system can be determined and subsequently, acting as an indicator for the overall health of a young adult. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of aerobic capacity to the level of fitness of anaerobic exercises. In the following experiment, subjects are requested to perform push-ups and step-ups. The anaerobic level of fitness is determined by the maximum number of push-ups done by the individuals whereas the aerobic capacity is indicated by the change in pulse rates. It is hypothesized that subjects with higher aerobic capacity will be more anaerobically fit (HA), whereas the null hypothesis is that subjects with higher aerobic capacity will not be more anaerobically fit (Ho) Methods Refer to the School of Biological Science (2015) Results In this experiment, the participants are classified into two groups, one with less than 20 push-ups (n=37) and the other with 20 or more push-ups
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway.
During this laboratory three submaximal test were done. YMCA Submaximal Bike Test, Astrand Submaximal Bike Test, and The RockPort 1-Mile Walk Test. Each of these test required taking Blood Pressure,Heart Rate, and times, either at rest or while exercising. Everyone is a different when it comes to Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. They both depend on how conditioned the person is. The hypothesis is determining which test produced the highest Heart Rate and at what times. Since resistance makes a person work harder, we assume that test will be the YMCA Submaximal Bike Test.
In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.
The Wingate Anaerobic Test is used to evaluate anaerobic cycling performance. This study was undertaken to determine whether there is a relationship between peak power and fatigue index for endurance (n=9) vs power (n=4) athletes. A total of 13 subjects, including 8 males and 5 females, were included in the study. The subjects were divided into sporting types, such as endurance and power. Data collected from the Wingate test included peak power (W), mean power (W), time to peak (S), minimum power (W) and fatigue index (%). When the peak power and fatigue index were considered together for endurance athletes, a significant relationship
In this lab, the focus was to study muscular fitness. In muscular fitness, there are two main components of measurements that are being taken, which are muscular strength and muscular endurance. Muscular strength is an individual’s ability to exert their maximum force. To test muscular strength, there are multiple tests such as 1 RM , Static Handgrip Strength, and Back Strength Dynamometer test. Muscular endurance is an individual’s ability to sustain prolonged muscular contractions. Tests that reveal results about an individual’s muscular endurance would be tests such as YMCA Submaximal Bench Press, Push-Up, and Plank test. It is important to remember that there is no single test for endurance and strength that will tell an
In the experiment, I compiled data of two test groups, males and females. According to the figure on the next page you can see that the males resting rate was lower than the females, however, as the experiment was concluded I observed that the female’s recovery rate was faster than the males. The average resting heart rate for males was 72beats/min and the females resting heart rate was 80beats/min. The average recovery time for males was 4 min, and female’s recovery time was 2 min. The mean percent change in pulse rate is 36.39%.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important organic molecule in all living organisms, it is a biologist fuel for all living organisms.(Vanputte et al. 2014) When the energy stored in ATP is used, ATP will be broken down to adenosine triphosphate and inorganic phosphorous (Astrand 1956). Cell Respiration is the way that the human body produces more ATP, and there are four parts in total which is glycolysis, Link Reaction, Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain respectively. However, if when oxygen is not present in the cell, then the private undergoes alcoholic fermentation and lactate formatted in the process of anaerobic respiration (Peeters Weem et al. 2007).
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a health-related component of physical fitness defined as the ability of the circulatory, respiratory, and muscular systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity (Lee, 2010). Maximal oxygen consumption, VO_2max, is one of the most shared ways to measure a subject’s CRF, because it is the measurement of oxygen the subject consumes while doing vigorous exercise. VO_2max is expressed in milliliters of Oxygen, per kilogram of body weight, per minute (ml/kg/min). Setty stated that, VO_2max “is the gold-standard method of cardio-pulmonary and muscle cell fitness” (Setty, 2013).
Physiological responses to anaerobic training include increase in the size and number of fast twitch muscle fibers; increased tolerance to high levels of lactic acid; increase in glycolysis production due to increase in enzymes that breakdown glucose; increase in ATP, CP, creatine, and glycogen; increase in testosterone and growth hormone.
This document is about how exercise affects the heart rate; the hypothesis of this practical was the more a person does exercise the more the heart rate will increase. To proof this hypothesis, heart rate of a person at a resting point was measured and then the person was asked to conduct exercise for some minutes and the heart rate was measured. Two different exercises were performed to get the best results.
The magnitude of an individual’s peak power, relative power and fatigue index can be directly related to an individuals training status. This can be determined by performing a short duration supramaximal anaerobic test. Peak power output heavily relies on the anaerobic metabolism within the body. Comprising of the adenosine triphosphate - phosphocreatine (ATP-PC) system and glycolytic anaerobic metabolic pathways. When physiological stress is placed on the metabolic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system during physical training our body is forced to adapt to cope with it more efficiently. Thus creating the differences in power and fatigue index within trained and untrained individuals.
The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.
The researchers from the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran have noticed a trend in world where humans have dominated the world and the technical revolution has kept people too busy to get the proper nutrition and exercise; and, as such more and more studies are being done to educate people on how to get and stay healthy. One of the fasted growing fitness trends is high intensity interval training (HIIT). This team of researchers did this study to compare two different styles of HIIT on body composition. They called their study; The Comparison of the Effects of Two Types of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Body Mass and Physiological Indexes in Inactive Female Students.
Starting with exercise, it is helpful to have a basic knowledge of the two main types of energy systems: aerobic and anaerobic. The aerobic, or oxidative system is used for any physical activity that lasts more than two minutes, such as swimming or hiking, because it can supply energy for longer periods of time (Fahey 61). Meanwhile, the anaerobic, or nonoxidative system comes into play during high-intensity exercises that last from about ten seconds to two minutes, such as sprinting. Unlike the aerobic system, the anaerobic system has a much more limited capacity to produce energy; however, the
When the anaerobic threshold is hit earlier, it is most likely because the subject is aerobically trained, where if it is hit later, the athlete is most likely anaerobically trained (Nishimura et al, 2014). When subjects performed a graded, cycle ergometer exercise test in the morning (9:00-10:00) and in the afternoon (16:00-18:00), the majority of the results saw ventilatory threshold (VT) reached at a much lower exercise intensity in the morning condition than in the afternoon (Nishimura et al, 2014). Ventilatory volume and heart rate at VT were also significantly lower during the morning exercise test than the afternoon. These results show that anaerobic threshold may be reached at a lower intensity in the morning than in the afternoon and that the relative exertion is greater in the morning than in the afternoon, shown by heart rate increases (Nishimura et al, 2014). Similarly, Hill et al. (1992) researched the specific effect of time of day on aerobic and anaerobic responses to high-intensity exercise. Fourteen recreationally active college students participated in two testing sessions that included cycling at a fixed wattage until the pedal cadence could not be maintained above 50 rpm. During the tests, expired gases were analyzed and used for the