The Relationship Between Air Pollution And Diabetes

Pollution continues to pose an enormous threat to residents of urban cities worldwide. In the August 2008 Monthly Update, it is stated that approximately 800,000 deaths each year can be attributed to outdoor air pollution, making pollution the single most harmful environmental hazard to human health in urban areas (Kallman). The fact that pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people each year alone portrays just how dangerous living in these conditions can be. Kallman writes about a study which proves an increase in upper respiratory diseases, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and low birth weights when exposed to air pollutants (August 2008: Monthly Update). These can be very serious diseases and complications which, when contracted, can lead to death or very serious illnesses. There

According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab in 2000 revelead that 7.4% of the population aged 25 or over had diabetes (type 2 in 90%) Since 1981, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased to twice in and the total number of cases has increased threefold in Australia (Dunstain 2002).Although type 2 diabetes is effecting all races,it was identified highly in south Asians and also worlds one-third diabetic population is from indian continent ( Jean 2008). According to the report from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United states of America, nearly 25.8 million people have been affected by diabetes in 2010 with 90- 95% of them being type 2 DM (CDC 2011). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus which is characterized by the deficiency and resistance of the

This research will contain a few limitations. The first will be that it will be impossible to survey the entire United States so just a selected area of places in the most 5 polluted areas in the U.S. will be surveyed. Second, there is a possibility that accurate answers will not be obtained because the participants will not be completely honest in answering the questions. To decrease this issue, we will inform each participant that the survey is confidential and no information will be released to anyone outside of the study. (Perfect!).

Epidemiologic evidence that is related to the prevention of diabetes in for adults can be found in many places in the literature. Some issues that come up are how according to Patel, Misra, and Balasubramanyam (2017) the increase in diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in developing countries has escalated rapidly due to an increase in populations, overall aging of the population, urbanization, and increase prevalence of obesity. Patel, Misra, and Balasubramanyam (2017) also projects that the number of individual that are diagnosed with diabetes in 2040 will have increased to 642 million adults globally compared to the 415 million adults globally who are currently diagnosed with diabetes and in the US, there was 86 million adults who are

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is on the rise in the United States, with a new case diagnosed every 30 seconds (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, 2015). Diabetes is similarly on the rise in Africa, with an estimated 8 million cases to be diagnosed by 2025 (Mbanya,2006, p. 1628-1629). The standard of care for a diabetes patient is the same however, regardless of the continent. However due to the economic restraints of Africa, the standard of care is not feasible for most and the patient therefore suffers. This paper will demonstrate the similarities and differences between the United States and Africa in regards to type 2 diabetes. Similarly in both countries, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise. While a difference between the

Diabetes has become a burden not just for the American population, but for many developing countries. It is important to focus on the socioeconomic status and the environment as they have been known to be the greatest threats to the health of the population. For example, diabetes affects 80% of the

The study of "The Relationship of Sugar to Population-Level Diabetes Prevalence: An Econometric Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data", revolves around the effects of sugar consumption on diabetes. It is said that the rise in diabetes is mostly due to type 2 diabetes that lead to hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. But it is unclear whether the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is determined by the amount of sugar being consumed. While studies have shown that sugar plays an independent role in obesity, obesity doesn't cause diabetes. Some countries have a large population with diabetes but

According to the American Diabetes Association, The prevalence of having diabetes was 9.3 percent of the American population. Approximately 208,000 Americans under the age of 20 are predicated to have diabetes. Sarah Wild stated in her article, “The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people >65

It was defined as the fraction of the health outcome in a certain population attributable to exposure to a given atmospheric pollutant. Obtained value then was multiplied by population (106). AP is proven causative correlation between health consequences and air pollutant exposure. We used default model that attributes cases of COPD to exposure to PM10. In addition to total cases attributable, we could estimate the distribution of cases attributable in terms of concentration intervals of pollutants.30 Relative risk (RR) is the ratio of the probability of the event occurring in the exposed group versus a non-exposed group. It is a measure of association between a disease or condition and a factor under study. Relative risk is calculated by dividing the incidence rate among those exposed to a factor by the incidence rate among those not exposed to that factor. Population Prevented Fraction refers to situations where exposure to a factor is protective. 31 All the above-mentioned equations are based on the assumption that the estimation used in this analysis has been controlled regarding all probable

Diabetes is a global public health problem and has a dramatic impact on the health care system not only due to high morbidity and mortality but also due to significant total medical costs .83 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of diabetes worldwide is 6.4 %, which varies from 10.2% in the Western Pacific to 3.6 % in the African region . The latest WHO estimate is 285 million in 2010 and has been projected to increase to 438

Researching the topic of air pollution Atlanta using the Galileo database was easy because there are several filters to narrow down the search. Furthermore, the database contains several non-periodical and peer-reviewed articles related to the topic. Using the criteria outlined above, the research selected two peer-reviewed articles from reliable academic sources. The criteria were reliable in selecting six peer-reviewed articles that covered the topic of air pollution in Atlanta comprehensively. Nevertheless, only one article provided the most reliable information related to the topic.

An estimated 14.2 (9.5-29.4‡) million adults aged 20-79 have diabetes in the Africa Region, representing a regional prevalence of 2.1-6.7%.The Africa Region has the highest proportion of undiagnosed diabetes; over two thirds (66.7%) of people with diabetes are unaware they have

METHODS CDC studies have relied on measure of traffic by the Geographical Information System (GIS) -The study say that residential proximity to major highways is part of class bias in the housing market structure and land costs, suggesting that pollutant sources are located near disadvantaged communities. Scientists say that those exposed to high levels of pollution particles over time are at higher risk for negative health effects and outcome. The environmental impact on these people’s health impairs their well-being and in most cases leads to death. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on race and ethnicity and reveals that the people who live in

The enrollment of 120,852 subjects 58,279 males and 62,573 females) 55–69years of age living in 204 municipalities located throughout the country. Their addresses were selected with regards to pollution areas as part as a subcohort. The study was designed as a case–cohort study

Over the last three decades there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution, in particular, the global burden of disease.