The Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder And Alcohol Abuse With Emotional Instability

Separately, substance abuse and bipolar disorder are two very serious conditions, and both have been proven to be caused in part by heredity. Shockingly, co-occurrence of both disorders in a single person is a very common combination, and it can be very dangerous. People who have both bipolar disorder and an addiction are understood to have a “dual-diagnosis” or “genetic overlap”. Often, each condition can worsen the symptoms of the other; having both problems increases the risk of mood swings, depression, suicide, and other violent behavior. Studies are still being done to determine the linkage between these two genetic ailments, but it is obvious that there has to be some relationship.

Bipolar disorder has four basic types. The types are based on the changes in mood, energy and activity levels. The four types include: Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Unspecified Bipolar. An individual with Bipolar experiences moods that range from high and low. The high is known as manic episodes which is explained as energized behaviors. People having a manic episode may experience symptoms that include: increase in activity levels, have trouble sleeping, active, and partake in risky things or behaviors (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). The low is known

Bipolar disorder affects nearly 5.7 million adults each year, which is about 2.6% of the United States population (Doheny, 2015). Bipolar tends to occur in people during adolescence and early adulthood. There are four different types of bipolar disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the four different types of bipolar are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and lastly cyclothymic disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). The DSM-5 goes in detail describing each of the different types of bipolar disorders. The recurrence of bipolar can lead to substance abuse, bad job performance, poor school performance, attempted suicide, family and relationship problems, as well as subsyndromal symptoms between the varies episodes that tend to occur (Lam, 2010). There are a severity of problems that people with bipolar can face, but bipolar is treatable. Bipolar is often stabilized by medication (Lam, 2010).

This paper will delve into the symptoms of adult bipolar disorder and explain the psychological, sociocultural and treatment associated with this psychological disorder. Using research through online and offline resources this paper will compare the major types of bipolar disorders and relate different treatments associated with this type of disorder. This paper will also examine the management of the disorder, as well as, the impact on the friends, family and coworkers. According to American with Disabilities Act (http://www.ada.gov) bipolar disorder is recognized to be protected under law against discrimination. This paper will study the effects of disclosing the psychological disorder in the workplace. This paper will also analyze what

The DSM-5 classifications of bipolar and related disorders include four categories. Bipolar Disorder I is characterized by predominately manic episodes. Bipolar II is predominately depressive. Cyclothymic Disorder consists of frequent periods of both hypomania and depression, yet do not meet the criteria for either a type I or II BD diagnosis. Lastly, Unspecified Bipolar and related disorders are defined by bipolar symptoms that do not match the three categories above. Diagnosis of a manic episode includes three or more of the following symptoms that lasts one week or more: inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured talk, flight of ideas, distractibility, increase of goal directed activities, and excessive involvement in activities the produce negative consequences. Depressive episodes include fatigue, hypersomnia or insomnia, low self-esteem, poor concentration, increased or decreased appetite, psychomotor agitation or

There are four basic types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely “up,” elated, and energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very sad, “down,” or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Less severe manic periods are known as hypomanic episodes.

In the world of mental health disorders, one of the most common is Bipolar Disorder. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), Bipolar Disorder affects as much as 2.6% of the adult population. The effects of Bipolar Disorder can range from mild (having little impact on the patient’s day to day life) to severe (making the patient’s life debilitating and nonfunctioning). Bipolar Disorder also has a devastating effect on the patient’s friends and family. Bipolar Disorder is one of the most common mental health disorders, however, with proper treatment; the sufferer can go on to live a normal and useful life.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by more than one bipolar episode. There are three types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar 1 Disorder, in which the primary symptom presentation is manic, or rapid (daily) cycling episodes of mania and depression. Bipolar 2 Disorder, in which the primary symptom presentation is recurrent depression accompanied by hypo manic episodes (a milder state of mania in which the symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or need for hospitalization, but are sufficient to be observable by others). The last one, Cyclothymic Disorder, a chronic state of cycling between hypo manic and depressive episodes that do not reach the diagnostic standard for bipolar disorder (APA, 2000, pp. 388–392) (NCBI, 2012). Manic episodes are characterized by: A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary) (NCBI, 2012). During the period of mood disturbance, three (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted and have been present to a significant degree: increased self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep), more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity (either

to understand the bipolar disorder symptoms, syndromes, and diagnosis. Then focus on the treatments of getting help and getting better and staying well. Bipolar disorder involves cyclical episodes of depression and mania, and it is considered to be a lifelong affliction. The type of

As one of the more common psychiatric disorders, as well as the most complex, Bipolar disorder is the leading causal factor of functional disability in which aberrations of mood are found in correlation with changes in behaviors, biological rhythms, and cognitive functions; being amongst the most severe of all psychological disorders, with the highest rates of homelessness, suicide, and hospitalization, as it concerns an estimated 2–4% of the population within then United State alone. For mania, in the year following hospitalization, often scarcer than 35% of those diagnosed will ever resume a station within the workforce. Unfortunately, statistically, those inflicted with bipolar disorder are 25% - 50% more like to attempt suicide and 11% more apt to follow through.

Bipolar disorder is an illness known for its unique fast transitional mood shifts, usually from manic to depressive. (Moore, P et al., 2014.) This illness holds no prejudice as it can affect anyone at any age, gender or race. (Smith, M 2014) Bipolar disorder is not only dangerous to the patients themselves but could also potentially cause harm to bystanders as well. It is important to get treatment and prevent it from further development. A patient with bipolar disorder cannot differentiate between reality and insanity; they severely lack comprehension of their actions and behaviour as they are unaware of their mood swings. Unable to acknowledge their actions, they are additionally unable to grasp control of their physical, verbal and psychological vivacity.

The major sources of these outcomes arise from psychotic characteristics, episode density, neurocognitive deficits, depression, medication side effects, and low social support. Furthermore, Balanza-Martinez and Dias (2013) proved that neuro-cognitive deficits persist even after episode resolution. A meta-analysis by Bourne et al., (2013) revealed that BD had permanent impact on processing speed, attention, executive functions, verbal memory, and intelligence. BD and substance abuse have been linked in several prior studies with a follow up study commissioned by the Massachusetts General Hospital showing that the risk of cigarette use and substance abuse increased five years after a positive diagnosis. In the study, individuals whose bipolar symptoms persisted from adolescence to adulthood had the highest risk of developing substance abuse disorders. Due to the extreme changes in moods and personalities in patients suffering from the condition, most individuals resort to drugs and substances such as opiates and alcohol which seem to offer temporary relief to the symptoms. The self-medication theory suggests that people choose drugs and substances that relieve their symptoms. For example, individuals feeling uncontrollable rage may choose opiates due to their relaxing effects while those experiencing depression episodes would opt for cocaine for its energizing effects. However, this theory is criticized due to a lack of empirical scholarly research and the fact that individuals with BD use sedatives when depressed and stimulants when experiencing manic episodes which typically worsens the symptoms rather than offering relief. Due to this critique, other theories have been posited to explain the relationship between bipolar disorder and substance abuse. While the self-medication approach assumes that bipolar disorder precedes substance abuse,

Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder characterized by an alternating or shift in moods of elevation and depression. It is also known as manic depression. This mental illness is that brings severe high and low moods, it can cause changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. “Bi” which means two or alternating between two, explains the two common episodic moods that occur in individuals with this disorder; mania and depression. According to the DSM there are multiple forms of bipolar disorder, coming in four major forms; bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar disorder and Cyclothymia. Bipolar II which is a “major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes rather than full manic episodes.”(Barlow et al., 2014). Individual with bipolar I are similar, “except the individual experiences a full manic episode.” (Barlow et al., 2014). Lastly Cyclothymia is just a mild form of bipolar disorder. Mania episodes take into account the high elevated moods; where an individual’s is extremely energetic, excited, may partake in usually activities, for example excessive spending, promiscuity or dangerous behavior. On the other hand, there are depressive episodes, which are mark by similar symptoms as the common disorder of depression, such as extreme sadness, lack of motivation, constant fatigue and irritable. More prevalent in women, although it can occur in children and older adults, this disorder is seen to suddenly develop in ages ranging from 18 to 24. Although similar men and

According to every study I have found based on this particular illness, it is mainly those who accompany their diagnosis with substance abuse of many different forms who are in fact the dangerous bipolar individuals. Unfortunately, among all mood disorders and mental illnesses, those diagnosed with Bipolar disorder are by far the most likely to have this comorbidity of substance abuse as a prevalent issue, especially during the manic phase of their mood swings and more than 35% of Bipolar patients abuse drugs in their manic phase (NIDA). Dr. Ranga Krishnan believes that the numbers are even higher to the point where out of everyone diagnosed with Bipolar disorder, more than half of that population has the comorbidity with substance abuse which is a scary thought because according to a combination of sources, that means that 14% of our population has around a fifty-fifty chance of being a manic drug abuser (1). Generally the illness presents itself in the individual whether or not they have prior substance abuse issues and for the majority it becomes evident between the ages of 18-29. However, there is still one percent of the United States population who are diagnosed beyond the age of 60. The number of people in danger of being out casted by this diagnosis is roughly double the impact immigrants make that we worry

There are also several types of bipolar disorders, depending on the nature of the illness. The main types are Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. Bipolar I disorder includes individuals who have had at least one full manic or mixed mood episode, and may or may not suffer from episodes of depression. Bipolar II disorder includes persons who have had at least one depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but never experience a full manic or mixed mood episode. Bipolar II may go unrecognized because the hypomanic symptoms may not appear that unusual. Cyclothymic disorder includes individuals who have suffered numerous hypomanic and depressive symptoms over at least 2 years that are not severe or not long enough in duration to meet the criteria for a mood episode. The subtypes of bipolar disorder include: rapid cycling, seasonal pattern, and post-partum onset. Individuals who experience more frequent mood episodes (4 or more per year) are called rapid cyclers. Some persons have predictable seasonal