The Relationship Between Pedagogy And Interaction In The Second Language Classroom

Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehension with these L2 learners. Each play a role in language development. However, I believe that in acquiring a language, one must use a variety of techniques that work together to create a balance within the learning environment. Furthermore, all L2 learners learn differently and so a variety of resources will need to be used based on the ability of each student. There are many theories that have been developed by highly qualified experts in the field on linguistics. However, I will address those areas that I agree with as I present my personal theories on second language acquisition.

Judie Haynes’ article, “Stages of Second Language Acquisition”, clearly states five stages that a new learner of English may go through. In Haynes’ theory, there are five stages in total, and they are pre-production, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency. According to Haynes, new learners of English acquire language by going through the same stages. However, how much time each student spends at a particular stage may be different. Despite the different time length, the stages of people acquiring new language are worth discussing.

The use of translation in the classroom as a teaching method is a valid method to teach english as a foreign language. Over the years, translation as a teaching method has being avoided as a technique to use at the classroom. With the development of different approaches and methods such as communicative approach or the audiolingual method, which looks for the students to learn with the least possible use of speakers’ native language. According to Richards (2006) to learn how to communicate language people need competence which includes different real-life situations; grammar does not fulfil these roles and as far of the learning, in other words, learning by only speaking and practicing the target language other abilities would eventually be

Much of the public is misinformed about the existence of nonstandard language varieties, regarding them as “improper” forms of English. AEMP aims to change these views, often held by teachers, by validating nonstandard language varieties, thereby placing pressure upon these teachers to change their attitudes toward the languages, those who speak the languages, and the culture of these speakers. Second-language theorist AEMP classrooms are designed to facilitate interactive communication among students and teachers through cooperative groups using the home language of these children. Put simply, “teachers should talk less (LeMoine, 1999, p. 67). And when teachers must communicate with students for instruction, it is imperative that they allow the children to express themselves in the way that is most comfortable to

Archakis (2006) states that the communicative approach has recently prevailed. The purpose of language teaching is to help learners to practice relevant cases of communication. According to the communicative approach the language teaching has to be directly interrelated with contextual components. The stress of language teaching needs to be language use in social events, that is, students should be aware of the socio cultural and sociolinguistic skills for appropriate language use. Oral discourse is an entity of a range of discourse genres such as a lecture, conversation. Oral speech should be taught on a regular bases involving students in various activities and social circumstances. The teaching of oral discourse should be centered on the specific features of oral speech that promotes participation. It is very helpful for students as contemporary society concentrating on oral conversational speech and its peculiar daily used devices. This leads learners to the production of dramatization, interpersonal contribution, arguing competence as well as building identity as critical

Sometimes more than one method is used to bring out the anticipated outcomes in the language classroom where communication develops the key factor of teaching-learning process. Unless students learn to utilise the classroom method to express thoughts and feelings outside into the real world situations, the learning cannot be effective no matter whatever teaching method is applied in English as a Second Language classroom. Teacher- student role becomes the centre in bringing out the maximum within the limited time in a

Define the following constructs: input, output, interaction, input processing, and interlanguage. Then explain how they are implicated in language learning. Finally, provide examples of how a teacher can manipulate these constructs in a way that is advantageous to language acquisition.

Therefore, a teacher is able use this to assess whether targets of spoken language within the English National Curriculum (2014) are being met since Gonzalez’s observations (1996) show that pupils should have developed the ability to explain their understanding of tasks and reading in order to share their ideas before they write (National Curriculum 2014). These NC targets are enhanced through a child’s relationship with their parent because they were able to explore negotiation skills on how to proceed in a joint agreement rather than the task be dominated by an adult (Hoogsteder, Maier & Elbers 1996).

Students can get confused and will not know which aspect of the context is relevant in the interaction. Some find it useful to divide linguistic and non-linguistic elements, and elements, which are in the immediate context and those, which provide a broader background against which an utterance is interpreted. At class, we can also divide it this way, and each time we want to use the context, we will first distinguish between the linguistic and non-linguistic elements. In addition, we will start from the immediate context since most of the time we will not need more than that. If we still find something missing, we will continue to the broader

Classroom observations of English as an Additional Language learners would offer me the opportunity to focus on the different support approaches that might already be in place in schools, such as the work carried out by intervention groups or the support given from other adults in the classroom, be they EAL specialists, teaching assistants or other recognised figures (British Council, online). However, there might also be cases where no additional support is provided with students with English as a second language. In this case, I would instead be focusing my observations on the way EAL learners relates with other pupils and professional within the school environment.

Communicative language teaching (CLT) is based on the idea that language is but a mean for communication, and so its primary goal is to achieve, what is called, communicative competence. For CLT, a good language learner is one who can communicate well in a real life situation that which involves a lot of strategies to keep a meaningful conversation and to avoid any communication gap. Unlike the audio-lingual method, which originally originated from behaviorism, CLT did not have any psychological background. Thus, all that CLT material developers and syllabus designers had was the broad theory that students learn best by doing. It was all based on the general assumption that the “learners’ communicative competence develops automatically through their active participation

Having in mind the topic of this article, Nihat (2008) explains the importance of acquiring communicative competences inside the classrooms as an important fact of English Language Teaching. He stated that more than grammatical rules and structures, students should know how to use their second language, in order to

It has been proven through research that young learners benefit from participating in both informal and formal talk throughout the school day. The aim of teaching a second language is to assist the young learner to speak fluently and communicate effectively in a second language.

As we all know that English is a global language, there is a need to learn the language to meet the future challenges especially to the students of non-native speakers of English. Language is used as a tool for communication. To learn a foreign language like English, students need mental involvement. Modern classrooms require the learner centered approaches. One such approach is Communicative Language Teaching. This type of teaching facilitates learning through modern techniques. Many researchers suggest that students who are actively involved in learning process will get success. Once they are actively involved in learning process they get self confidence and motivation. The instructional materials and techniques used by teachers have a direct effect on many students. If the approach fits the preferred learning mode, the

The goal of this method is to help the students to be able to communicate in the target language. In order to achieve this purpose, the Audio-Lingual Method contains the following characteristics. Firstly, contextualized dialogs are utilized to present new vocabulary and structures in class. Secondly, the conversations are learned through drills which are considered as an integral part of the Audio-Lingual Method. In my own teaching, backward build-up drill, repetition drill and substitution drill contribute importantly the success of students’ learning. Next, grammar rules are induced from examples. By this approach, students personalize and use the grammatical points naturally like the way they acquire the native language. Based on above features, it is believed that the Audio-Lingual Method has a part in the communicative development of students in the target language.