Essay on The Republic of Indonesia

Australia and Indonesia political systems are instrumental in shaping the development of individual nations. These systems determine the policies that are to be followed by the government and the governed and aim to establish political stability. Despite Australia is a constitutional monarchy and Indonesia is a republic, the two country have many similarities and differences in the political system. This extended response identifies and compares the key features of government system and election between Australia and Indonesia political systems.

The British on the Malay Peninsula & the French in Indochina nibbled at the borders of Siam

Unlike the Filipino and Burma’s revolution, the Indonesian national revolution or Indonesian war of independence, was a diplomatic struggle and war between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire. The Revolution started between Indonesia’s proclamation of independence in 1945 and the Dutch recognition of Indonesia’s independence on December 1949. The Dutch had gain control of Indonesia for more than 300 years. The kind of influence the Dutch had gave us can still be seen today, because Indonesia was a subject to imperial rule or influence and is still struggling till today. The strive for liberation endured for four years that involved an occasional violent conflict, inner Indonesian political and communal disruption, and two crucial international ambassadorial

Since then, the tensions between the national government and the native people have not been cleared.

Australian-Indonesian relations are the foreign relations between the two countries, whether economically, politically, legally or socially. Australian-Indonesian relations involve an interaction in foreign policies between the two nations (Wolfsohn, 1951, p. 68). As long as Indonesia is Australia 's closest and largest neighbor, they are bound to have great international relations. These relations began as early as the 17th century and had only become enhanced with time (Daly, 2003, p. 397). The relationship has been defined by a conjoint growth trade of up to $14 between the years 2011-2012 which reports an increase from the previous economic year (Mark, 2012, p.402). These countries are members of various trade deals such as the ASEAN Regional Forum in addition to having close ties with education, defense, and leadership. Australia 's relationship with Indonesia is crucial, and lack of such could severely bruise the economy, and hence they need to keep united by ensuring the use of widespread media with beneficial input. Australia interacts with Indonesia in a way such as sporting activity, tourism, education, economic policies, youth exchange programs, cultures and above all their diplomacy (Okamoto, 2010, p.241).

The effects of population control programs on demographic change were not instant, and it takes long serious effort to encourage the improvement of economic development in a country. According to Paul J. Gertler (1994, p. 33), “Population control is a key element in a country’s ability to maintain and improve its economic and social welfare”. Furthermore, this paper intends to explain why the change of population structure has an effect on the society’s economic condition in Indonesia with examining the demographic variables.

The main problems do seem to be on the surface but actually the problem that really big moral communities exist in Indonesia are so damaged. The humanitarian crisis that is very influential to the development of the Indonesia future now this fact impressed ruled out by the apparatus of Government. This would lead to its nation will be worse and is seen low by other Nations.

After four long years of fighting and tense negotiations, the Dutch finally recognized Indonesian independence at the end of 1949. The President of this new fledgling nation was a man by the name of Achmad Sukarno, and he would lead this nation through its revolution in 1945 up until 1967 when he was forced to resign. His reign was one of founding, which demeaned the idea of parliamentary democracy as inappropriate for the Indonesian people, and so he adopted a policy known as Guided democracy, a type of autocratic rule. But due to the diversity of both the people and radical differences of political parties within this new weak state and the uneven representation of political factions, this governmental system was doomed to fail. The instability of the new Indonesian government coupled with the attempts of Indonesia’s first president to pit different

Indonesia is the sixteenth largest economy, the largest economy in the South-east Asian economic region with the world's fourth largest population (263 million in 2017). It is an emerging economy that has increased its international integration, trade liberalisation and diverted from policies of import substitution towards export-led development. Indonesia is a member of the Group of 20 (G20) major economies and has been an active founding member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The impact of globalisation has benefited Indonesia as quality of life indicators and economic developments have improved but it also presents the challenge of improving regulations, building more competitive industries, increasing investment into education and infrastructure to remain competitive. Consequently, Indonesia has introduced numerous strategies to promote economic growth and development.

After Suharto ended his long dictatorial reign in 1998 there was a substantial increase in religious and ethnic conflict in Indonesia. Author Jacques Bertrand claims religious and ethnic conflict defined Indonesia’s national model. This resulted in three critical junctures during Suharto’s retirement of his sovereign rule. The three critical junctures defined Indonesia’s “terms of citizenship, and give meaning to the structure and procedures of an institution” (Bertrand, 20). When Suharto left as dictator, major political and social changes consumed Indonesia, which threatened the Indonesian realm. The people of Indonesia struggled to define their sense of nationalism.

This essay will discuss some threats transnational organised crime have to Southeast Asian states. By comparing to traditional security paradigm threats, this essay will argue that in order for states to combat transnational organised crime, they must consider and use traditional and non-traditional means. First, this essay will present the security paradigm of traditional security. In this section, this essay will discuss the points of, the focus traditional security has on the protection of the state and traditional security threats such as external military forces. Secondly, this essay will present the non-traditional security paradigm; discussing the people-centred approach of non-traditional security, and non-traditional security threats. Thirdly, this essay will focus on security challenges of transnational organised crime on Southeast Asian states, discussing the challenges human trafficking, drug trafficking, corruption and bribes, and illegal logging. At the end of each of the organised crime security challenges, this essay will discuss how these challenges differ from traditional security threats.

The presidential government has distinctive characteristics compared to parliamentary system. According to Hargrove, “presidential government can be defined as by nature, single-person office, chosen for a fixed term by a uniquely national constituency, sharing virtually all the powers of the federal government with an equally distinct and independent congress” (Hargrove, 1984). The president, who is directly elected by public, is head of the government and also head of the state. It appears that the president has full support from public and also symbolizes the national representative and unifying figure. The “separation of power” and “check and balance” are main features in the presidential form of government. According to Abueva, “legislative power is vested in

Dutch supremacy on Indonesia allowed an advanced interconnection in which societal structures and values were changed in positive and negative forms, impacting the indigenous people of Indonesia. The Dutch colonial reign allowed for unity among the natives and created a new “basic unit of administration in the Javanese countryside…tied the peasantry far more closely to the land then it had been in early colonial times” (Cribb, Robert). As the Indonesian laborers and aristocrats among the Archipelago interacted with Dutch soldiers and were inhabited by varied ethnicities; the Indonesian natives grew stronger together in adversity and were strengthened in patriotism. On a positive light the Dutch introduced several

In Indonesia the chief of state and head of government is President Joko Widodo and it’s a republican government. The economic and political stance being unstable creates a high rating risk of doing business in Indonesia. Bribery, corruption, and lack of transparency is still very common in Indonesia which is another reason conducting business is difficult. In 2014, Indonesia top trade partners were China, Singapore, and Japan. As well as, an individual can start working at the age of 15 and with working

How might the Singapore society differ were it not for these technologies – would the society be more or less heavily regulated? Lee recommends analysing politics and society by addressing how power struggles and relations were played out in the pre-Internet era, namely the maintenance of political control via public support (2005: 74). Foucault defines ‘governmentality’ as the point of contact where the technologies of power interact with the governed. This spurs Lee to postulate that, in order to retain power in the Internet era, 'governments need to be actively involved in shaping the design as well as the societal, cultural and regulatory environment in which the Internet and other new media technologies operate' (2005: 75).