The Return Of Authoritarian Great Powers By Azar Gat

Many different explanations have been brought forth to explain why democracies do not fight one another . Among academics, the most prominent theories can be divided among three schools of thought: liberal institutionalist, realist, and liberal constructivist. Beyond academia, often-simplified interpretations of these theories have guided many Great Powers’ foreign policy decisions. This paper will first seek to outline what most academics agree to be the empirical correlations between democracies and war. This paper will then outline and examine the competing theories behind the Democratic Peace. This paper will argue that although some of the realist critiques are plausible and should not be entirely dismissed, the liberal constructivist theories offer the most accurate explanation of why the Democratic Peace exists. This paper will finish by examining the foreign policy implications of this thesis, with reference to recent and potentially future military engagements undertaken by today’s democratic Great Powers.

In this paper, I will describe why a nation goes from democracy to authoritarianism or communism. I will you give you two examples, these examples are Germany and Russia. You will learned about how this nations react to themselves and to the world. These nations play a big part in our world, because Germany brought fascism to its height and Soviet Union tried to spread it across the globe. You must know what these countries went through to better understand these ideologies.

The book also refers to the question on the last part of the book if there any existence of a common system between countries and also the author put her own agenda for the democratization of the global governance and proposes to already build the components of democracy and expand the list of players in the public debate in global politics. The book also referred to the reform approach where The book mention that reform is not possible if there is no clear and high voice calling for reforms in the first

There are many theoretical perspectives used when examining the international political system. In this paper I will explain two of the most important: liberalism and realism. Though they are both strong theories, liberalism is best when it comes to explaining international politics. Liberalism better examines all of the influence that impact the decisions made within the international system and better represents the emotions and personal agendas of the state. Liberalism can be considered a combination of constructivism and realism.It takes democracy into account and examines the dynamics through all 3 levels of analysis. The downfall of liberalism is it feels like a westernized approach to international politics, so it might hurt a less

The chapter is effective to my research topic to some extent, as it discusses successfully the link between the liberals and rational individual rather than collective group according to the history and associating with current situation. The main limitation of the book is that the representatives are concentrated on only two countries. However, there should be more economic and political capitalist democracy levels to be discussed. In conclusion, the author provides a decisive and deep

The main part of the essay will revolve around a discussion of the build up of democratic institutions after the

Democracy is a predominant authority regime that most countries both young and mature have adopted based on its accrued benefits. Defining democracy can be a daunting task as several countries may prefer to institute governing policies rather than adopt from other states (Rowley & Smith, 2009). The element of incorporating modified aspects of democracy is based on the difference in several factors that may range from religion, culture, to political ambition. Islamic states are considered complex as religion “sharia laws” play a prevailing role in the majority of the administration tasks conducted by the state. As such, Islamic countries defined by a democratic administration will prefer to integrate the alternative that will serve them best. This essay will evaluate two democratic regimes that were established in the Middle East, and further, discuss the factors that lead to Iran’s democratic failure over Turkey’s administration success.

Globalization on the whole blows negatively on the development and amalgamation of democratic governance. One form of this is the reduction of the ability of governments to take a decision and control events in their countries, and thus their culpability and responsiveness to their people, given the fact that the conditions, institutions and formations by which these decisions are taken are far from democratic.

Arend Lljphart wrote Patterns of Democracy. It examines the forms and performance of governments in thirty six countries. Seventeen chapters have been written in the book. Below, there will be a critical review of a claim or a particular theory in each of the first seven chapters on its merits.

On the other hand, the article “Islam and Democracy” has a couple of weaknesses when it comes to explaining its arguments about the “key” relationship between Islam and democracy. The first weak argument in this article is that the authors suggest, “democracy is a foreign concept that has been imposed by Westernizers and secular reformers upon Muslim societies” (Esposito and Voll 2001, 1). The argument here suggested by Esposito and Voll is weak because it starts of discussing the topic of democracy is foreign and imposed by Western societies, however the concept is not fully developed as the authors completely omit the idea without adding any significant proof as to the reasoning of how and why democracy was an ideal imposed by the Westerners. Furthermore, the article lacks a certain sense of direction, as Esposito and Voll start off their article with a great hook, however as the article goes on it starts to get very confusing as to the main arguments that the article is trying to convey and as a result the main arguments of the article are only presented near the end. The last weakness of the arguments presented in the “Islam and Democracy” is that the readers are provided with detailed information about the history of Islam, possible past democratic attempts and political institutions, however the main arguments of the article could be improved by not only adding the things mentioned before but also by adding predictions about what could happen in the future. Thus,

In the article “Islam and Democracy”, Esposito and Voll provide us with a comprehensive analysis of the Muslim world in terms of its political institutions and the way Islam perceives democracy. The

Liberalism is contrary to realism, in a sense that it places confidence in the amount of power through state economies, the prospects of peace and cooperation, rights and notions of political freedoms (Burchill et al, 2005: 80). This essay delineates the reasons why liberal theory would be the suitable theory for the study of IR, the position of the theory today and lastly the three variants of

The undemocratic implications of democratic mistakes, decisions are; the refugee crisis around Europe represent a result of Europe failures to apply common sense to major issues of crucial importance surrounding the invasions, intervention Europe made in the Middle East and has continued to invade. Such steps and decisions will fail to think about tomorrow impacts. Also, the steps taking does not only complicates democratic norms, international disharmony, insecurity and the threat of terrorism but, it invents, creates further doubt of the values of democratic contradictions and relevance of democratic liberty and freedoms. The view expresses above is an illustration of how the modern globalization of democratic transitions has been reversed into inferior stocks of democratic huge mistakes and contradictions globally. In many views, the option approach suggests; what freedom does a starving man haves…the answer is that starvation is a tragic human condition perhaps more tragic than losing freedom . Those the hope of democracy is eliminated without liberty and freedom. Such has been the ongoing

About problems in maintaining international peace and stability is the use of collective security, which ensures peace and freedom for all parties. There are two main agenda in the perspective of liberalism, the first is to promote and disseminate issues concerning human rights and the settlement of the conflict-settlement. It is embodied liberalism in his role through the creation of relevant institutions such as the League, the UN or other relevant institutions. And the second emphasizes the process of global trade or liberal market through WTO bodies. (Jehangir,

The most suitable International Relations theory for this report is liberalism. As we know, the liberal image of international relations has influenced many theoritical research programs, including democratic peace theory, neoliberal institutionalism, and many more. In part to distinguish themselves from liberal thinkers which focused on new world orders that minimized (or even eliminated) states as major players in international politics, some liberal theorists prefers to use the prefix neo, which captures their view that states and institutions still