The Rights Of The Slave Owner 's Children

During the mid-1800s, it was challenging being a slave. Belonging to another human being instead of being free brought numerous hardships African Americans had to endure. It brought about unimaginable pain, frustration, disruption, and stress. In America, slavery was glorified, even though, families were separated and destroyed. Slavery made it tedious to have stability in families because of the effects it had on the African American people. After reading “How Affected African American Families” and “Narrative of Jenny Proctor,” slavery caused African American families to cope with separation, unfair marriage stipulations, horrible living condition, mistreatment and labor, and also the ending of slavery.

Beloved allows Sethe to believe that she is the ghost of the baby Sethe brutally murdered years ago. By exploiting this guilt, Beloved essentially controls Sethe. Sethe begins to sacrifice everything in order to make Beloved happy. She even goes as far as to starve herself and give all of her food to Beloved. She takes care of Beloved in order to ease her guilt about the past.

She emphasizes that the life of a slave woman is incomparable to the life of a slave man, in the sense that a woman’s sufferings are not only physical but also extremely mental and emotional. Whether or not a slave woman is beaten, starved to death, or made to work in unbearable circumstances on the fields, she suffers from and endures horrible mental torments. Unlike slave men, these women have to deal with sexual harassment from white men, most often their slave owners, as well as the loss of their children in some cases. Men often dwell on their sufferings of bodily pain and physical endurance as slaves, where as women not only deal with that but also the mental and emotional aspect of it. Men claim that their manhood and masculinity are stripped from them, but women deal with their loss of dignity and morality. Females deal with the emotional agony as mothers who lose their children or have to watch them get beaten, as well as being sexually victimized by white men who may or may not be the father of their children. For these women, their experiences seem unimaginable and are just as difficult as any physical punishment, if not more so.

         Care of the mother for the child's future character formation, have a decisive role.  The slaves don‘t know their mother, so they don’t get good care. Slaves don’t have a sense of identity for self because they don‘t know their birthday. It is easy to hurt them as a person's sense of belonging. Slaves needs their mothers to be their directors.

This literary analysis will define the feminist challenge to the patriarchal motherhood as defined in the mothering methods of Sethe in Beloved by Toni Morrison. Sethe's mothering instincts are found in the way she kills her child in order to prevent a life of slavery and suffering on the slave plantation. This form of “good mothering” defines the horrific sacrifice that Sethe was willing to make, so that her daughter did not grow up to live as a salve. More so, the patriarchal system of marriage and reproductive roles on the patriarchal plantation define the slave system as a boon to Sethe's mothering skills. Sethe is forced to marry one of five male slaves, which defines the sexual abuse that women had to endure on the plantation, This is an important reason why Sethe did not want her daughter enduring the same form of enforced reproductive policies of the slave system. In essence, an analysis of the feminist challenge to patriarchal motherhood will be defined in Sethe’s methods of “good mothering” in Beloved by Toni Morrison.

Beloved is consumed by her cruel acts, and simply drains more and more of Sethe’s health. In the beginning of the novel, Beloved appears to be a pretty, young, and lost girl that wanders into Sethe’s house. However, as time passes, she began to display signs that she is Sethe’s past daughter, the daughter that was killed. As Beloved is induced more and more into the family, she begins to feel

Critical Review: "Historians and the Extent of Slave Ownership in the Southern United States" "Only a minority of the whites owned slaves," "at all times nearly three-fourths of the white families in the South as a whole held no slaves;" "slave ownership in the South was not widespread;" "not more than a quarter of the white heads of families were slave owners, and even in the cotton states the proportion was less than one-third;" "in 1850, only one in three owned any Negroes; on the eve of the Civil War, the ration was one in four;" and slave owners "probably made up less than a third of southern whites." From the US History textbooks in an elementary school to the

This made it easier to debase women as human beings by denying them the natural desire to mother their children.  Not only did the physical separation of mother and child prevent females slaves from identifying themselves as mothers, but the concept of motherhood alone, 'due to the economic realities of racism, [was] usually limited to white women' (Williams 164).  Lisa Williams suggests that Sethe feels grief as a black mother due to the isolation she experiences as a slave.  Many African slaves were influenced by West African motherhood practices in which the individual mother is valued, but the act of mothering was

Beloved is seen as the resemblance of Sethe’s dead baby. Beloved is portrayed as a teenage girl, however she is different from other black teenager, “…and younger than her clothes suggested – good lace at the throat, and a rich woman’s hat. Her skin was flawless except for three vertical scratches on her forehead so fine and thin they seemed at first like hair, baby hair before it bloomed and roped into the masses of black yarn under her hat.” (Morrison 62). Beloved unexpectedly came to 124, the house where Sethe, Denver, and Paul D lived. However, Sethe became attracted to her, “Sethe was deeply touched by her sweet name; the remembrance of glittering headstone made her feel especially kindly toward her. Denver, however, was shaking. She looked at this sleepy beauty and wanted more.” (Morrison 63) represent Sethe’s fascination towards Beloved, because she made Sethe recall her dead baby, which also has the word Beloved engraved in the gravestone. The name Beloved itself makes Sethe sentimental from

Toni Morrison’s classic novel, Beloved, can be briefly summarized as a story with woman who is living in both the horrible aftermath of slavery, as well as her action of murdering her baby child in an attempt to save her from slavery. This story is based on the true story of Margaret Garner, who killed her own child and attempted to kill her other children instead of willfully letting them all return to lives of slavery. While slavery is today clearly classified as wrong by the vast majority of civilized society, as is infanticide, the event that takes place in this book is not as black and white. These instances of a grayer side of morality represent a sort of moral ambiguity that runs rampant throughout the entire novel. The example that is of paramount importance is when Sethe, the protagonist of the story, murders her child in order to save the child from a life of slavery. While at first glance, this act may seem wrong to modern readers, there is actually some evidence that, when thought about, justifies Sethe’s actions.

Through character development, the story also portrays the theme of escaping the past. Sethe’s actions are influenced heavily by her dead child, Beloved. When the “human” form of Beloved arrives while sleeping

Shielded from the atrocities of slavery during her childhood, Jacobs depicts family life among slaves as one that remains intact in a “comfortable home” (29) through the example of her own family. Each member held limited rights along with the ability to work and the privilege to use their earnings as they pleased. It is not until the death of her mistress where she finally begins to feel the effects of slavery in the sudden separation of her family who are “all distributed among her [mistress’s] relatives” (Jacobs 33). The separation of family is one of the most integral subjects of her narrative since “motherhood [plays a great role] in her life” (Wolfe 518). Jacobs appeals to the emotions of her female audiences by contrasting a slave mother’s agonies in her separation from her children with the “happy free women” (40) whose children remain with her since “no hand” (40) has the right to take them away. The separation of families in Douglass’s narrative does call for some pity but the event is not as tragic in comparison to

Sethe begins to nurture her children, only for her children to have a growing fear that Sethe would kill them one day, enacting her children to distance themselves. Due to Sethe mother’s abandonment, Sethe in fact has never been a “daughter” and the love she displays, Paul D. describes as “too thick” (193) causes resentment from her children. As Sethe undergoes mental and physical abuse from Beloved, causing her strong personality to wither away and becoming fully dependent on Beloved, Sethe gives herself to Beloved, “[a]nything she wanted she got” (283). This is a story not to be passed on for Sethe, she allowed herself to be swallowed up by her own inability to move past her dreadful memories at Sweet Home. The past, “Beloved” began to slowly creep on her, draining away the strong woman she once was. Sethe always tried to nurture her child, the way her mother never nurtured her. However, in the end when she becomes dependent on Beloved, she becomes old and weak. Yet, her positive development occurs when Paul D tells her that she, herself is the most important thing and finally then Sethe moves on.

The main focus of Beloved is the death of Sethe’s eldest daughter. When Sethe noticed the arrival of the four white horsemen, she made life-altering decision. The choice she made forever drove a wedge between Sethe and her children. She thought she was choosing the lesser of two evils, while her children were left to fear that their own mother would eventually kill them. The life of a slave was not something Sethe wanted her children to endure, so much so that she thought death would be an easier fate than slavery. The pain and suffering of slavery led Sethe to do the unthinkable, kill her own

During slavery, African American men and women were subject to cruel labor and punishment throughout the Americas. They were beaten, abused, and forced to toil for long hours, burdened with the weight of an astronomical workload. In Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, she is able to capture this aspect of slavery by identifying gender roles and the effects of slavery on laborers. The narrative tells the story of a runaway slave named Sethe who has found freedom in Cincinnati after escaping Sweet Home plantation in the South. Throughout the novel she suffers from her past and is haunted by the peculiar death of her unnamed baby. Through characters like Sethe, Morrison is able to show the function of gender in slavery as well as the damaging