The Rights Of The United Kingdom

Abortion’s legalization through Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade, has allowed for one in three pregnancies to end in abortion. This means that 1.5 million abortions are performed in the United States each year (Flanders 3). It ranks among the most complex and controversial issues, arousing heated legal, political, and ethical debates. The modern debate over abortion is a conflict of competing moral ideas and of fundamental human rights: to life, to privacy, to control over one's own body. Trying to come to a compromise has proven that it one cannot please all of the people on each side of the debate.

Abortion has been a complex social issue in the United States ever since restrictive abortion laws began to appear in the 1820s. By 1965, abortions had been outlawed in the U.S., although they continued illegally; about one million abortions per year were estimated to have occurred in the 1960s. (Krannich 366) Ultimately, in the 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, it was ruled that women had the right to privacy and could make an individual choice on whether or not to have an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. (Yishai 213)

This essay will explore the rights of children of celebrities or any other person’s child due to their parents vocation or occupation and how those rights affect the conduct of professional communicators. Professional communicators that are specifically affects are journalists in the field of photojournalism. The area of Media Laws that this essay will analyse is privacy laws, in particular The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Kingdom Human Rights Act, the common law of breach of confidence, the state 's child protection laws and Australians Privacy Amendment act (enhancing privacy protection), and it will provide some tips for mindful practice to keep within the laws. This essay will explore different cases in two different countries, namely the United Kingdom and Australia.

Before the 1973 ruling of the case of Roe v Wade, the estimated average number of illegal abortions every year ranged from 200,000 to 1.5 million. The methods used were violently dangerous including women ingesting toxic substances such as bleach and detergents which often times was ineffective. Women around the country were concerned that the anti-abortion laws conflicted with a person’s right to privacy and equal protection given by the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. Gale University’s William Sullivan explains ”The right to abort unborn children is not specifically protected by the Constitution, and prior to 1973, abortion legislation had been understood to be limited to the power of the states per the Tenth

Regardless of the opinions surrounding abortion, a majority of people are familiar with the Supreme court cases of Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey. These two cases have played a tremendous role in regard to the abortion debate. In 1973, the Roe v. Wade case was ruled in favour of Roe and stated the stringent criminalization of abortion in Texas was deemed unconstitutional under the fourteenth amendment. The law violated the right of privacy, which implied the privacy of a woman’s decision to an abortion. Although the courts agreed with Roe, they also recognized the rights to an abortion are not absolute. Limitations to the right was based on the trimesters of pregnancy with the first trimester protecting the woman’s choice and the third trimester being acceptable for states to regulate or even ban abortions outside of therapeutic reasons.

revolting against their government. This era totally annihilated the thought of the divine right of kings, which was "the doctrine that kings and queens have a God given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin"(Dictionary.com). Some reasons for the end of the divine right of kings was the philosophers, the revolutions and the protestant reformation. The philosophers of the enlightenment were investigating the concept that all humans are free and equal, that they should have rights and should have a say in government. In addition, there were a number of documents that took a lot of power from the king . Also the revolutions of this ear were of great importance.

In the 1973 Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade a pregnant women, Norma McCorvey (also known as “Jane Roe”) seeked to end her pregnancy. Through the fight of the court, it was declared that most state anti-abortion laws were unconstitutional. However, many rules were set into place. In the first trimester of pregnancy (0-12 weeks), states could not interfere with any abortion. During the second semester (13-28 weeks) states could allow a regulated abortion in ways that are related to mental health or even a proscribed abortion. Within the third trimester (29-40 weeks) a women can only get an abortion if it is to preserve the health or life of the mother. Alongside Roe v. Wade, in the 1992 case Planned Parenthood of Southeastern PA v. Casey, the court ruled that a state could require a woman seeking an abortion to give informed consent and to wait 24 hours and in the case of a minor they need to obtain parental consent (Ayers). Throughout abortions long history of pro-choice and pro-life, modern society needs to be fully educated on the topic so they can see how terrible pro-choice is.

The Court held that a women has a right right in an abortion unchanged from the Roe v. Wade’s decision. The Supreme Court also upheld that the states has an interest in an unborn life and that at some point a women rights to an abortion can be restricted. The Court further rejected the trimester designation as an undue burden and used the term viable as to when the States can intervene in not allowing a women to have an abortion. Additionally, the SupremeCourt upheld parental informed consent and also allow for informed consent of a women seeking and abortion requiring a 24 hr waiting period. The States was also required to furnish the women with information about abortion, in addition religious organization could provide information that could counsel a women

It was argued that anti-abortion laws were “the product of a Victorian social concern to discourage illicit sexual conduct” (543). Another reason abortion was previously prohibited was because “the procedure was a hazardous one for the woman” (544). The court pointed out that this was no longer valid or relevant in this day of age. They explained that abortion was now “relatively safe”, and that “mortality rates for women undergoing early abortions, where the procedure is legal, appear to be as low as or lower than the rates of normal childbirth” (544). When abortion is prohibited, women seeking abortions sometimes tend to undergo illegal abortions, which are extremely unsafe. Therefore, the court said, “the state has a legitimate interest in seeing that abortion, like any other medical procedure, is performed under circumstances that insure maximum safety for the patient” (544). When abortion was illegal, the mortality rate for women having abortions was significantly higher than when it was made

The landmark decision Roe v Wade was issued in 1973, after three years of different challenges and differences of opinions. These decision affirms the legality of a woman’s right to have an abortion under the Fourteenth amendment of the United States. In the mean time this case continues to be a debate among government and society. The U.S Supreme Court states that a woman right to abortion is within the right of privacy and is protected by the fourteenth Amendment. Roe v Wade illustrates not only human rights, but also how a case gets its way to a different level and is decided by the Supreme

For many years, abortion has been a controversial issue that has led the American government to attempt to solve, what seems to be, an everlasting debate. In 1973, the Supreme Court case “Roe v. Wade” ruled that it is a fundamental right to terminate a pregnancy before fetal viability. It was believed to protect the woman’s health and the potential life of the fetus. This case verdict also prohibited states from banning abortion and ruled that it is a woman’s right to choose whether to terminate her pregnancy.

Parliamentary sovereignty, a core principle of the UK's constitution, essentially states that the Parliament is the ultimate legal authority, which possesses the power to create, modify or end any law. The judiciary cannot question its legislative competence, and a Parliament is not bound by former legislative provisions of earlier Parliaments. The ‘rule of law’ on the other hand, is a constitutional doctrine which primarily governs the operation of the legal system and the manner in which the powers of the state are exercised. However, since the Parliament is capable of making any law whatsoever, the concept of the rule of law poses a contradiction to the principle of parliamentary supremacy, entailing that Parliament is not bound by the

This trend, which is occurring in developing and as well as developed countries, has continued to the present, as abortion laws have been relaxed in five more countries within the past four years- Greece, Portugal, Spain, Taiwan and Turkey. During the same period, women's access to legal abortion has been significantly reduced only in Romania (in 1984). That nation's population policy also restricts the availability of modern contraceptive methods and authorizes the investigation of all women who experience miscarriages. In addition, the Irish constitution was amended in 1985 to prevent any future liberalization of its highly restrictive abortion law.

Human rights are universal rights that we are entitled to. It is a freedom that is guaranteed based on the principle of respect for an individual. As mentioned in the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights are a “recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all member of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world” (Kent, page 80). When asked what our rights are, we tend to get different answers and meanings. Some people recite the rights that they know; but let’s face it, not everyone knows all of the rights that they truly have. The rights we have consist of many things such as the right of having an adequate food supply. The right to

The rule of law is seen as being one of the most fundamental components of the UK constitution as well as being a principle that is concerned with restricting parliamentary action. Though the rule of law is seen to be a component in the constitution; the actual meaning of the rule of law has been very problematic to interpret. This is considerably down to the fact that it means different things to different people as since the nineteenth century, academics, politicians and judges have proposed diverse definitions and explanations in regards to the rule of law and the role it upholds in the UK constitution.