The Ring Signature Scheme

With the ever increasing surge of digital communications and transactions, a tougher level of security is essential in order to safeguard the user and their data transactions. Systems, personal computers, mobile phones, servers, and even smart cards are all being used everywhere and there is a need to secure communications. With the influx of data management, there is a clear race between the two challengers in the game known as Information Security between developers and the hackers. PKI was designed to influence the Internet infrastructure for means of communication (Samuelle, 2011). While decreasing antagonistic misuse of data, reducing data theft, and providing an extra layer of trust through key pairs and

This attack happens when the attacker can impersonate the identity of some parties while other parties are not aware. If mutual authentication is not provided in authentication protocols, this attack is simply occurred. Since mutual authentication is provided in our scheme and also the message m=N_SA∥N_SB∥SA∥T_1 is consisted of the nonce and the identity of the sender that encrypted by the public key of the receiver, even the attacker replaces its nonce with〖 N〗_BS in message m=N_SB∥T_0, he is not able to compute (d , uQIDSA), and then he cannot obtain the content of message m=N_SA∥N_SB∥SA∥T_1. Therefore, MITM attacks cannot be effective on the proposed scheme.

i. The password assigned must be adequately complex to insure that it is not easily guessed and the complexity of the chosen alternative must be defined and documented.

A. Setup: The setup phase takes input a security parameter . It selects a bilinear group of prime order p with b as generator, and bilinear map The universe attribute is . It selects for attribute n, , and a random exponent . The public key and master key is given by

33. What is a system of digital certificates, certification authorities (CAs), and other registration authorities (RAs) that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an electronic transaction through the use of public key cryptography? PKI

[16] R. D. Pietro and A. Sorniotti. Boosting efficiency and securityin proof of ownership for deduplication. In H. Y. Youm andY. Won, editors, ACM Symposium on Information, Computer andCommunications Security, pages 81–82. ACM, 2012.

1.Basic Authentication- Basic authentication is one of the two mechanisms in HTTP 1.1 specification . It required the safe http communication i.e. https communication for encoding.

As professionals, the process of learning is an ongoing practice; new technological methods and approaches arise that can be beneficial within the work field. As a result, this highlights the importance of recurring staff development. Staff development is imperative across all work fields in order to learn new approaches in the respective field and be a successful organization. As professionals, it is essential to keep an open mind to new and different strategies; a quality that can prove to be beneficial to the field. As an early childhood educator, one must be ready to implement various methods of teaching and be ready to serve as one of the students’ resource. In order to accomplish this, however, one must have recurring

DoD has deployed an issuance infrastructure at over 930 sites in more than 25 countries around the world and is rolling out more than 1 million card readers and associated middleware. A key goal of the CAC program is to meet DoD’s mandate to sign all electronic mail and other electronic documents digitally. Future plans include using the CAC to sign and encrypt e-mail, expanding the number of portals capable of doing Web-based e-business using PKI authentication tools, adding a biometric to the card to provide

Section 9 discusses the attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signatures (a) An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable. (b) The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties' agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.

We also want to be able to backup our claims of what we sent, how we sent it, and when it was all done (non-repudiation). For example, “I turned in that homework assignment, in that exact wording and format, ten minutes before the deadline. Here’s the MD5 hash I used to “fingerprint” the dated file before clicking, ‘send.’

Monique, 27, killed a cyclist and injured another cyclist on the highway in Marseilles. The Tamagotchi on the keychain was hanging from the ignition of the car and it had started beeping to alert the virtual pet on Tamagotchi was hungry or attention needed. Inconveniently, Tamagotchi doesn’t stop beeping until someone take care of it by pressing small buttons on it. She was driving on the highway and her companion was in the passenger seat up front and asked her companion to take care of the Tamagotchi. Unfortunately, three buttons to press were too small to figure out for new user especially when she had to be careful to not pull the attached key out of the ignition of the running car on the highway. Since it was taking too long and the Tamagotchi

This report illustrates the Message Digest 6 (MD6) hashing algorithm, how it functions, and the essentialness of a hashing function. Besides, it depicts the qualities of this hashing capacity over its predecessor, and its present shortcomings.

Authentication is the only method which protects information or data of an individual or organization from a second party to access. Based upon the confidentiality of that particular data or information, the level of authentication depends. Now-a-days, all this data and information what we are talking about is getting digitized all around the world. For this digitized data or information to be secure, a proper authentication procedure must be set. This arise the need for an authentication secret which belongs to the category “Something we know” to come into picture. These secrets authenticate each secret holder as the authorized legitimate user to access their particular account. Technology is

The scheme validation is dependent on the security of the sender’s private key, which the sender can later claim lost or stolen and that the signature was forged when trying to deny sending a particular message.