The Rise Of Andrew Jackson

Aboriginal women had occupied an essential position in the fur trade of the North American region from its birth during the 17th and 18th centuries. Even though this is true, the role of women, especially those of the Native American society, has been ignored a great deal in the entire history of fur trade. Contrary to the belief that the whole fur trade activity was only male-dominated, it very much depended upon Native women and their participation and labor in order to ensure survival as well as economic success. This paper will attempt to illuminate how Native women played the role as important producers when it comes to fur trade of the American Plains and, of course, the Canadian region. This paper will also deal with the two

This new trading company was primarily made up of French Canadians and its creation was a direct threat to the Hudson's Bay Company, which held an absolute monopoly on the fur trade. In the middle of this conflict were the Metis, who held important positions as traders, labourers and clerks within both trading companies. By the end of the 18th century, many Metis people had begun to congregate around the trading posts at Red River . Many of the clerks working for either trading company were Metis and so the conflict grew in significance. Eventually the harsh methods of the Hudson's Bay Company caused the Metis to become disillusioned and so many joined with the Northwest Company.

One would think that a lesson would be learned because “by the last quarter of the eighteenth century, as the plains nomads accumulated beaver pelts for trade with Europeans, they steadily exterminated the beaver” (Isenberg 50). The Indians would acquire horses, corn, and tobacco for trading the beaver skin, but they took out an area full of beavers. This situation was similar to the shrinking bison population and it was a sign of what could come if they continued to over-hunt and trade with the Euro-Americans.

The native tribes of the Great Plains and the Eastern Woodlands have surprisingly different adaptions and responses to their expansions by settlers; not only in their cultures, but in their subsistence, warfare, peacemaking, and gender roles as well. Both tribes were forced to adapt and change due to the overtaking on the European settlers, but both managed to do it in different ways.

In 1828, otherwise known as “The Age of Jackson”, America was a country on its way to the West. America’s revolutionary generation was quickly fading, making room for a new balance of political power. As the class systems were breaking down, the “common man” was better able to cast his vote for the new President. Jackson was glorified by his impressive war accomplishments and humble background of the frontier. This made him the main target for presidency in election 1824. Once coming to power, Jackson no longer portrayed humble beginnings, but became a conundrum to the people he was leading by removing indians from their homeland and forcing them West. His use of power can be debated based on the state of the country thereafter. Although Andrew Jackson was dubbed “The People 's President”, his time in office reflected a very different outcome.

In "Red" Labor: Iroquois Participation in the Atlantic Economy Gail D.MacLeitch explains “Cultural practices centered on gift giving and communal ownership prevented extremes of wealth from developing” (6). However by the seventeenth century, contact with colonists attracted the Iroquois to paid labor. Deciding to become part of the transatlantic fur trade the Iroquois received items such as cloth, guns, house wares, alcohol, and jewelry from the French and British in exchange for the furs of beavers (which were hunted to near extinction.) The goods that were received were then incorporated into the Iroquois way of life, including religious practices. By the eighteenth century Iroquois had ceased to create their own goods and became completely reliant on foreign trade (MacLeitch

Life on the trial was dangerous, there were extremely cold winters and dry summers. One of the hardest they for pioneers were leaving the wellbeing and amenities of “civilization”. There were a lot of accidents that occurred on the trail, most do to unsanitary condition and the weather. Many children and elderly individuals would lose their lives during this long journey Women had difficult time traveling westward, having to pick up jobs men would usually handle. Make sift living quarters on the trail was always cramped. Women with infant found it extremely hard to care for them on the trail. Pioneers while on the trail did sometimes encounter Indians, which could have been a great danger but most of the Indians they encounters were always said to be lazy and a non-threat.

For example, “...many white fur traders immigrated west to earn their living as fur traders (Lambert, 146).” Fur clothing was in high demand and a large profit could be made. Another example is, “It also established a profitable economic base and fostered permanent settlements in the Oregon Country” As can be seen, both fur trapping and fur trading were profitable ventures. A final example is, “...increased European and American presence in the Oregon Country…(Lambert, 163).” Both Americans and Europeans immigrated to the Oregon Country to cash in on the fur trading business. However, the fur trading business was profitable for both individuals and large scale

Jean Nicolet, landed at Red Banks Green Bay, in 1634. His arrival would lead to the popular trade of Beaver fur in Green Bay, Wisconsin. While, there were many types of fur that would be traded in this area, such as otter, white-tailed deer, badger, fox, muskrat, and bear, beaver by far was the most to be desired. The allure for beaver fur was that the fur was entirely water proof. Water proof fur was the most preferred at this time as majority of people during this period would work outside, i.e.: farmers, or transporter of goods.

Fur trading started between the Europeans along with the Aboriginals when the most valuable beaver pelts was a substituted for metal and clothing goods such as iron knives and axis, copper kettles, blankets and trinkets. The beaver pelts were well desired by the Europeans for the reason that using this fur for headgear provided an elegant way to keep dry. However these pelts were for fashion, as men and women could be instantly noted within the social hierarchy by according to their beaver hats. It was so valuable that the sand on the floor was filtered to save every hair that has fallen off. For the Europeans, captivating advantages of the rich furs from the Indians in the New World was a major factor in generating handsome profits,

In the 1800s the fur trade had a great impact on the lifestyle of the Cree Indians, both economically and culturally. The fur trade helped the Natives make an income and obtain goods they could not get before. However great the impact of the fur trading was on their economy, the decline in fur bearing animals had a devastating effect on their culture. It can therefore be said that although the fur trade had a positive short term impact on the Cree Indian’s economy, in the long term, the cultural ways of living that were adapted and lost impacted them negatively.

The most profitable of all being the beaver pelts. The beaver pelts were so remunerative due to the demand of fashionable beaver pelt hats in Europe. With Natives utilizing trade for positive relationships and the French utilizing trade for profit and alliance, the fur trade was booming. With constant hunting, the beaver population on native land was quickly depleted. Though the beaver population on the native land was exhausted, the demand for their pelts was not.

The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The Oregon trail bisected two major Native American tribes the Cheyenne to the North and the Pawnee to the South. The majority of Americans who made the trip to Oregon never had encountered a Native American tribe and most believed they were hostile and vicious people which was far from the truth. Most encounters with Native Americans were just business encounters. The emigrants offered clothes tobacco or rifles and the Natives offered food and horses. Some violent encounters between these two groups of people were the Bear River Massacre and the Grattan Massacre. According to(2) the Grattan Massacre happened over a cow that had roamed off and was eaten by a Sioux village in Nebraska and men from fort Laramie went to the village and the tribe offered them any of the tribes 60 horses. The men denied and asked for 25$ instead and then attacked the village. They fatally wounded Bear(chief) and then Lieutenant Grattan was annihilated. These were bloody encounters where both sides likely suffered significant losses. Other factors that affected emigrants moving west was mother nature. Whether it was the brutal cold of the Rocky Mountains and Northern Plains or the wild river rapids danger was everywhere.

After I watched the episode 1: Ordering the Land (16,000 BP – 1870s), I could tell the melting glaciers has changed Minnesota a lot. It left many rivers and lakes on the Minnesota landscape and carved out a network of deep valleys. Besides, the main climate change has supported a wide range of vegetarian, such as pine forest, deciduous forest, and prairies. As can be seen, these biomes drew the attention of American Indians, and European, which they arrived and occupied the territory. From the 1680s to the 1840s, Europeans and American Indians began to trade the fur bear. The impact of the fur trade on animal populations is relatively small at the beginning. However, after that, the overhunting significantly reduced the number of bison,

By 1670 the fur trade had changed the village selection location to be closer to profitable furs . By slightly moving the villages from the water ways and into the forest to be closer to the animals with more profitable furs they could get more furs and their fore better trade goods.. Some tribes still stayed close to the water ways because of the high value of beavers. Village population were anywhere from 100 to 500 people3at this time. Sault Ste Marie was still a center of trade and a place of refuge for the Potawatomi . The Potawatomi had moved north to get away from the Iroquois. They would move further west into modern day Wisconsin by Green Bay. The Potawatomi who lived near Green Bay grew Indian corn, fished, gathered acorns, berries