origin of value. Marilynne Robinson in her piece, “Night Thoughts of Baffled Humanist,” supports the popular idea that value in the universe is created through sentient “mind to mind” human relations. Conversely, Mary Midgley in her article, “Duties Concerning Islands: Of Rights & Obligations,” finds fault with this convention suggesting that non-human entities have intrinsic value in themselves. Although these two seemingly differ in their respective conclusions, Midgley and Robinson can be harmonized