The Rise Of Musculoskeletal Disorders

We are grateful for the “Manual Therapy” reviewers thoughtful review and suggestions to improve our manuscript. Our author team has reviewed, considered, and responded to all comments and suggestions the reviewers proposed in accordance with “Manual Therapy” guidelines. Thus, we are submitting a revised manuscript “The Immediate Cardiovascular Response to Joint Mobilization of the Neck- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Pain-Free Adults” for follow-up consideration for publication in “Manual Therapy”. We are hopeful that our work will be deemed as valuable and disseminated for other manual therapists to consider.

The results of this study show that both treatment interventions are just as effective in pain reduction and increased spinal mobility following a single treatment. A post boc correlation (relationship between variables) analysis was performed in order to explore the relationship between changes in pain and lumbar extension motion. Researchers analyzed the relationship between an increase in motion and decrease in pain for this study.

The study by Ma et al., (2006) examined the treatment methods of physical therapy, acupuncture, and a combination of physical therapy and acupuncture to see which treatment method was more beneficial in patients with spontaneous frozen shoulder over a four week period (Ma et al., 2006). The study consisted of 75 participants with spontaneous frozen shoulder pain for at least three months, unable to lift their arm more than 135 degrees, and agreed to proceed with the medical treatments that were designed for this study (Ma et al., 2006). Thirty participants were randomly selected into the control group received physical therapy only. The control group consisted of fifteen minute hot pack application, five to ten minutes of joint mobilization,

Due to the cause of this headache type being primarily musculoskeletal in nature, different manners of physical rehabilitation are often utilized. A research article published by the journal BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders studied the effects of upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic headaches (Dunning et al., 2016). The results of the study propose that six to eight sessions of manipulation directed to both upper cervical (C1-C2) and upper thoracic (T1-T2) spinal levels were shown to be more effective than mobilization and exercise alone (Dunning et al., 2016). Individuals in the study experienced reductions in headache intensity, disability, frequency, duration, and medication intake; effects were maintained at a 3 month follow up. While encouraging, the study did present with some limitations, such as it is not known if the effects would have been maintained long term. Another limitation is that multiple secondary outcomes were included in the study, and that the results may not be generalizable to other kinds of manual therapy techniques. However, this study may provide evidence that the management of cervicogenic headaches should include some form of cervical manipulation (Dunning et al.,

Pain is known to reduce participation and functioning in individual’s daily lives. Meriano & Latella, (2008) explained how Pain and Sensation are identified on the American Occupational Therapy Association framework as client factors. These client factors are foundations for participation and functional performance in activities of daily living (Meriano & Latella, 2008). Carpal Tunnel Release is a surgical intervention is a common treatment for CTS however for milder symptoms or individuals waiting for surgery the benefit of conservation interventions should be investigated. Conservation Interventions identified through research include steroid injections, cold therapy, splinting, nerve gliding, acupuncture, and task modification or ergonomic tools. Atroshi (1999) reported splinting as an effective intervention for mild to moderate CTS . The purpose of this paper is to identify if conservation interventions especially splinting can be effective in alleviating symptoms increasing adults with CTS functional

Chronic low back pain is known as the most disabling and therapeutically challenging pain disorders, mostly prevalent in older adults. If untreated, chronic low back pain could potentially affect patients in terms of pain, activity limitations, participation restrictions, influence on career, use of sanitary resources, and financial burdens (Castagnoli 1t al.2015). The management of chronic low back pain encompasses a wide range of interventions including surgery, drug therapy, and non-medical interventions. A non-pharmacological intervention, also known as a physiotherapy treatment, is believed to be central in the management of chronic low back pain (Hurkmans et al. 2011). Physiotherapy interventions involve the use of different procedures such as general exercise, physical modalities, massage or manual therapy, McKenzie therapy, bathing therapy and education (Hurkmans et al. 2011). However, the question remains concerning which one of the proposed interventions would be more appropriate for treatment of chronic low back pain and therefore produce the most

Participants’ pain with low-laser therapy and exercise was a 32 out of a 0-100 pain scale. Participants’ pain with placebo and exercise was a 51 out of a 0-100 pain scale. The study also did a functional impairment test (the higher the score means the worse functioning) the low-laser therapy and exercise scored a 36 out of a 0-100 scale. The placebo and exercise scored 48 out of 0-100 on the functional impairment test. The study also tested the motion of active shoulder abduction; the low-laser therapy and exercise ranged at 79 degrees and placebo and exercise ranged at 70 degrees. There were some imitations to the study; they had very low quality of

Chronic neck pain is the 3rd most common pain condition in the US with about 30-50% of adults being affected each year. On average, spin care costs about 9% of total health care cost each year ranging from about $3,000 to $8,000 per patient. This high cost of treatment for idiopathic neck pain raises an issue because treatment seems to be ineffective. Current research is analyzing the effectiveness of treatment consisting of joint mobilization combined with exercise. Research shows that a combination of the two techniques prove to be more effective than each alone for improving patient function. However, the sequence of the therapy as well of the number of visits is still unclear.

The less number of research articles on this topic facilitated me to conduct a study on this topic. This research study will help me clinically in applying the results of this study to my patients in the clinic. The incidence of neck pain is 3-5% population worldwide. Hence it is very important that I know which technique works the best so my patients will be benefited from it.

G. T., Dailey, D. L., Rakel, B. A., & Sluka, K. A. (2014). Using TENS for pain control: The state of the evidence. Pain Management, 4(3), 197-209. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.14.13

Musculoskeletal injury is an all too common occurrence in the work place. In 1991, it was estimated that over 19 million U.S. workers were affected annually by work related injuries. As for these injuries, this paper will serve to briefly examine musculoskeletal injury of the shoulder and how they occur in the work place.

Chaibi et al. completed a prospective three-armed, single-blind, placebo, randomized control trial over the course of 17 months which included 104 people suffering from migraines with at least one migraine attack per month. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) for people suffering from migraines. Subjects in the active therapy consisted of CSMT, while those in the placebo group were experienced a sham push maneuver of the lateral edge of the scapula and/or gluteal region, and the control group continued their normal pharmacological treatment. The randomized control trial consisted of a “1-month run-in, 3 months intervention and outcome measures at the end of the intervention and at 3, 6 and 12 months

Despite the advantages of the observational methods for assessing the risk factors associated with WMSDs, the existing observational methods still have various limitations. The developed observational methods such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) (McAtamney & Corlett, 1993) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) (Hignett & McAtamney, 2000) faced various limitations when they were utilized to assess the risk factors of WMSDS due to the variation of postures, working duration and movement frequency of the lower extremity (Kong, Han, & Kim, 2010). It might be contributed by the fact that most observational methods were designed to be an assessment tool for the risk factors of back, neck, shoulders and arms (Li & Buckle, 1999). In the other

Apart from being common, musculoskeletal disorders can result in significant morbidity and are associated with rising societal and health costs. They are the main source of chronic pain worldwide(18) and the single biggest cause

Work is an important area of occupation for adults (AOTA, 2014). Snodgrass (2011) reported work injuries and illnesses can result in functional loss, disability, and time away from work for the