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The Rise Of Natural Science

Decent Essays

Natural science has been historically recognised as one of the factors affecting the development of social science; particularly, during the period of the Enlightenment, natural science had been one of the factors to improve human life (Turner, 2001: 30). The Enlightenment is to help humans emerge from immaturity and this aim finds expression in Kant’s motto “Dare to know” (Kant, 1784). During the period of the Enlightenment, due to the remarkable scientific advancement, traditional religion-based societies tended to come to an end and there occurred two revolutions particularly in Western Europe: the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. Owing to them, society had been radically changed in terms of politics and economy albeit new other problems had been brought such as job competition and capital-based societies, in other word, capitalism (Hossain and Mustari, 2012: 64; Gollin, 1970: 1). As a result, in spite of the end of the absolute monarchy, there still remained the inequality in societies.

In that situation, the idea of ‘positivism’ was founded as an anti-enlightenment idea by Auguste Comte who was a French philosopher (Perry, 1993: 247). Positivism is a philosophical system developing laws for human organisation along with the same way as natural sciences. On the basis of this idea, Comte also established the term ‘sociology’ as one of the scientific fields, the ‘science of society’ (Giddens and Sutton, 2013: 11). In fact, Comte’s idea had not been

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