The Rise Of The 19th Century

As we continue to unfurl into the 20th century, we leave behind the bevy of constraints previously placed upon us by the Victorian ideals by the 19th century. What will the future look like for Americans, for ALL Americans? As I hear all of you speak here at Polly’s, I am emboldened, for if our, admittedly nascent, community here in Greenwich Village is any indication, the future looks bright. We may have differences in opinion on what issues deserve the most attention for reform, be it labor concerns, woman suffrage, or the suffocating and liberal social structuration of our country, but we are all asking the right questions and questioning the right authorities. It

The nineteenth century saw a massive change in the educational systems of Europe. Many countries began to educate students more, and educate a wider group of students. The countries of Europe also began to explore means of higher education, and give people the ability to enhance their education. The nineteenth century saw the beginning of educational reform that would set the basis for current educational practices across Europe. Some of the areas that were changed were elementary education, higher education, and women’s education. In this paper we shall examine the changes that happened throughout France, Britain, and Germany throughout the nineteenth, as well as compare and contrast the changes that happened in the three.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was the product of an oppressed people who were tired of living under a government in which they had no voice. During the Ancién Regime in France, there social classes, called estates, greatly divided the people on the basis of power and wealth. The first estate being the clergy, the second nobility, and the third estate being everyone else in the country of France (“The French Revolution” 23:20). The first two estates made up 3% of the population, while the third estate made up 97%, yet the first two estates held all the power. The French government at the time was an absolute monarchy, meaning the king derived his power from god and could exercise it without other constituted bodies having a right to challenge him (Introduction: Louis XIV and French Absolutism p.205). However, France was in such a state of crises in the late 18th century that Louis XVI called together the estates general, an assembly where all three estates were represented, for the first time in one hundred years (“The French Revolution” 23:00). Robes Pierre, a representative of the third estate, insisted that the nobles and clergy begin to pay taxes, but since the first and second estate held two thirds of the vote, he was quickly dismissed. After six weeks of meeting without achieving anything for the state, the third estate representatives become silenced by the first two estates. Enraged, they move next door to a tennis court and make “The Tennis Court

During their political and social system, Old regime, there was inequality in France. The 3rd estate did not receive as much of importance as the other 2 estates did. The members of the 3rd estate were very angry on the decisions taken account without their propositions for the government, so they decided to create one of their own. There were 3 main factors that led to the revolution. The enlightment period brought the ideas of equality; members of the 3rd estate liked this because they didn’t receive equality of their own. The French economy was failing, high taxes kept profits low and there was shortage of food supplies. They also were under the rule of Louis XVI, which was a weak leader with a wife that liked to spend money. Many worst things happened after the revolution, one of them was the Reign of

It began when the French monarchy formed from The Seven Year war. During this time, the French were in debt due to their support of the American Revolution. Therefore, France restricted free trade with other nations and kept the country and most of its people in a state of poverty. The French people were still organized in three different feudal class divisions of estates. The first estate, the Clergy, consisted of those employed by the Catholic Church. They greatly influenced France by controlling vast amounts of land (they were also freed from paying taxes). The second estate, the Nobility, were also exempt from most taxes. They held the best and highest paid jobs in the army, church, and legal professions. The third estate, consisted of all the other people not assigned to a higher class. The third estate composed of much of the population and held the greatest economic and social diversity (the peasants). They were starved and ragged and bore the brunt of the ever-increasing taxes. They were demanded to pay fees for land ownership every

Following the American Revolution, the Enlightenment had reached France in 1789 when King Louis assembled the country’s three estates—the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners—to help address France’s problems. King Louis wanted to give the First and Second estate an advantage because they would keep their government running in his vision and keep the poor at the bottom rung. The Third Estate, wanting to see progress in their country’s government, were inspired by the Enlightenment philosophies and were planning for change. They formed the National Assembly, against the wishes of King Louis, and soon developed into the French Revolution.

Pentridge Prison, built in the 1850 in the north of Melbourne, housed Victoria’s most infamous criminals, which included; Russell Street Bomber Craig Minogue, 1920’s gangster Squizzy Taylor, Hoddle Street gunman Julian Knight and Mark ‘Chopper’ Reid. Pentridge Prisons history emphasizes the changes in crime, offending and punishment over its period of operation.

American society has changed drastically mostly because of the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. People's lives changed a lot with the new technology being made. Not just adults lives change but so did children's lives. Their working conditions was horrible for a long time and to this day it still is, but during the 19th century it was way worse.

Prior to the French Revolution, being a part of the third estate was unfair. The way that the Estates General worked was that each of the three estates got one vote and the side with two votes won. Because the first and second estates were privileged they would always win the vote. The reason that this was unfair was because the third estate made up 97% of the population, yet only got one vote. The little money that people in the third estate had was taken away by the many taxes taken by the first two estates. The Estates General worked so that you could not rise above your social status, so if you were born to the third estate you would stay in the third estate.

When a new baby or a new pet enters the house (though some may argue over how different the two really are), things get a quite a bit busier. A new room needs to be furnished and used , there’s another mouth to feed, and all else that comes with an additional family member. This, however, is nothing compared to the large amount of people that get introduced into a growing city and the buildings, jobs, and money that needs to be provided for them. However, when either occurs, the end result is the same. Life changes, and revolutions take place. This is exactly what happened to England during the 18th and 19th centuries. When new people and the money that came with them moved into cities, the way of life, for many, looked different. The influx

To begin, during the French Revolution the peasants lived under the worst conditions. Peasants formed the largest group within the third estate, more than 80% of 26 million people in France. The poor had no part or say the decisions that the government would make. Peasants and the rest of the third estate were expected to pay an enormous amount of taxes, that the second and first estate did not have to pay. For example, there was bad weather around 1780 caused a widespread of crop failures, resulting in a shortage of grain. That lead to the doubled price of bread, peasants could not afford to purchase the bread because of the outrageous amount of taxes that they had to pay, this lead to many people in the third estate facing starvation. Not only was this unfair for the peasants, it made them become outraged, and lead them to the beginning of the Great Fear.

Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was the state of France before the revolution that the Philosophés owe their effectiveness to. Prior to the revolution, French society was divided into three categories, or “The Three Estates”. They were, the clergy, or First Estate, the nobility, or Second Estate, and the common people, or Third Estate (The Rights 9). These three estates divided France. The First and Second estates only held collectively two and a half percent of France’s population, but held almost all the power and almost all of the wealth. The king, Louis XVI, was the successor to the Sun King, Louis XIV. At this point in time, France was an absolute monarchy with an astounding gap between the social classes. The Third Estate ranged from the extremely poor to the moderately wealthy. However, most of the Third Estate consisted of the extremely poor. One of the primary industries in the Third Estate was the bread industry, which was heavily regulated by the Police. Occupations in this industry range from the bakers, to

In analyzing the Churches of Christ today as they grapple with women in leadership, Lesley F. Massey points out that "those in the Stone-Campbell Movement who, in contrast, supported increasing women's rights in the nineteenth-century were able to do so by rejecting the traditional interpretation of relevant biblical texts such as 1 Cor 14 and 1 Tim 2, and in turn by moving away from a slavish biblical literalism." This turns the attention back to the issue of hermeneutical legacy- the adherence to a literalism which is rooted in a commitment to take the Bible at face value. Unfortunately, what has become apparent in the modern day hermeneutical commitment to understanding cultural differences, language nuances, and thematic content, is the

There are many things that change societies and nation in the nineteen-century one of these things is modernity. It emerged in Europe, especially in French and British than it establish to all European countries. The term modernity has many synonym words in the whole world like modernity, industrial period, and post modernity.

The 19th century contributed to Europe’s history in the form of ideologies. In contrast to the 20th century, there were no wars or acts of violence used to support these ideologies; instead the forces of capitalism drove the history of the 19th century. By this notion, the last time Europe had experienced extreme forms of violence was during the French Revolution, therefore the decades before the 20th century were relatively peaceful. In the summer of 1914, Europe crossed the point of no return with the beginning of World War I; this war would not be the “war to end all wars” but instead set a precedent of violence for the rest of the century. The 20th century has since been remembered as the deadliest century in human history. The high levels of unnatural deaths and the intensity of politically motivated acts of violence were a result of nationalism, totalitarianism and technologically enhanced warfare.