The Rise and Fall of the Warrant Chief System in the Cross River Region

The primary authority of the colonies was meant to be the British Privy Council, which was responsible for governing both Britain itself as well as the entirety of its vast overseas empire. The greater part of the members of the Privy council, who governed from England, had little to no knowledge of the colonies themselves, and nearly every member of the council had never so much as set foot in America. In order to compensate for the unacquaintedness of the British government with the colonies, Royal Governors were also appointed as authority figures to govern from within America itself. However, many of these Royal Governors were chosen for reasons other than their capability as leaders, and were therefore ineffectual authority figures. As a result of the insufficient political system and British salutary neglect of the colonies, the Royal Governors who had been appointed by the British had much less power than the British had likely intended, which

Primarily colonial leadership could make this decision, because the gist of the situation comprised of keeping the slaves from taking advantage of the fact that England allowed freedom under certain circumstances.

The King in his right mind has total control and power of the colonies and can do whatever he deems necessary to control them. With that said, The king of that time, not thinking about the peoples feelings went ahead and instead of making the people happy did whatever he could to make the government better. Which in the long run was to make money. Well every time the king mad a law to make up for another law that the people didn’t like, it

This document countered many of the other documents that were instated as colonial law by the British. One such example would be the Quartering Act, which allowed British soldiers positioned within the colonies to be allowed in the homes of any colonist. Acts

Women have always been partly equal to men in pre colonial Nigeria, having equal but separate roles politically and shared authority in the home. Colonialism changed this form of life of the Igbo culture by imposing Christianity and the idea of the man being the head of the village and the women inferior. Women were also stripped of their rights to have or not have children and forced to be in abusive arranged marriages. Colonialism then ended because the natives felt that self-determination had to replace colonialism and the colonizing nations were bankrupt from World War I resulting in small investment to the colonies. Decolonization was not an effortless trouble, but rather arduous and extensive, especially to women’s rights. Women’s roles in the Igbo culture changed drastically from equal, to less than men and to struggling to get by in each stage of colonialism within the work force, family and rights.

Second, the Quartering Act of 1765 was an act which provided places and supplies for troops and soldiers. “The English passed the Quartering Act because it provided protection for the colonists”(Colonial Unrest). It frustrated the colonists because instead of protecting the colony the colonists felt like the troops were controlling them. Also, “It would make the colonies pay for some of the costs of having

The Oath of Office is a legally binding vow or affirmation that enables Original Authority & discretion. It Provides guidance on what to do & how to do it, at a high level. It requires you to keep the peace, impartially to the best of your ability, and faithfully according to law (ADPP, Lesson 1.3, slide6). Original Authority as stated in the Oath of Office, came from common law giving police the right to make a decision on rationality rather than command or authority. Police discretion can be defined as to act according to your own judgement where ever your authority leaves you free to do so, and at the same time being responsible for your own actions (ADPP, Lesson 1.3, slide6). The responsible use of power through discretion can also be displayed by liaising with the community on matters that are important to them. Birch (2011) and article 19 from The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, both recognise that to maintain peace, the members of the community need to be given their right to express their opinions and ideas on how society and the police enforce and uphold the standards upon one another. Therefore signifying the Rule of Law. By knowing what the community expectations are, the governing party is able to develop and introduce Act’s to meet the societies expectations. This is seen in the Mission and

The British reversed their policy of salutary neglect. A Writ of Assistance was given to English custom officers that had believed that an object could have been smuggled into the colonies. The Writs were highly enforced by the British and used frequently by custom officers.

All of sudden after over a century and a half of permitting relative self-rule, Britain was exercising direct influence over colonial life. In addition to restricting westward movement, the parent country was actually enforcing its trade laws. Writs of assistance, or general search warrants, were granted to British customs inspectors to search colonial ships. The inspectors had long been charged with this directly but until this time had not carried it out.

This project describes how the quartering act started in 1765 and what led this to happen. The Quartering Act is a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing. On this day in 1765, Parliament passes the Quartering Act, outlining the locations and conditions in which British soldiers are to find room and boarded in the American colonies. The Quartering Act of 1765 required the colonies to house British soldiers in barracks provided by the colonies. If the barracks were too small to house all the soldiers, then localities were to accommodate the soldiers in local inns, livery stables, ale houses, victualling houses, and the houses of sellers of wine. Should there still be soldiers without accommodation after all such pub lick houses were filled, the colonies were then required to take, hire and make fit for the reception of his Majesty’s forces, such and so many uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings as shall be

P. 8 - Colonial governors helpless to take action without the assistance of the representative assemblies. The assemblies held the power of the purse and generally got their way.

This essay deals with the nature of a cross cultural encounter between the Benin people and Portuguese traders in the 15th and 16th centuries, which resulted in the depiction of Portuguese figures in Benin brass plaques. It will propose that this contact between people with different cultures was on the basis of 'mutual regard' (Woods, K. 2008, p. 16), and although the Portuguese had qualms about idolatry in Benin it will show that assumptions by Europeans up to the 20th century of the primitive nature of tribal African societies was inaccurate with regard to the Benin people, who had a society based on the succession of the King or 'Oba', a Royal Family and Nobility. The essay will finally suggest that Benin’s increase in wealth following

In any study of colonial Nigeria, the groundwork accomplished by the missionaries in pre-colonial days must be a central concern. They were instrumental in setting the scene which would meet the colonists when they started arriving. Missionaries were used by the colonial power as an avant garde, to expand into new regions, a fact keenly displayed by Achebe in Things Fall Apart. For many Nigerians, missionaries were the first Europeans with whom they came into contact.

The District Commissioner’s perception of justice is Britain’s legal system. He genuinely believes that England’s system of government is the best system, and that it needs to be brought to other cultures. In his mind, “civilizing” tribal cultures in Nigeria is the right thing to do, and will eventually make the people happy. We see this viewpoint when he says “We have brought a peaceful administration to you and your people so that you may be happy. If any man ill-treats you we shall come to your rescue.” This quote also demonstrates that he views these people as needing to be saved. What he fails to understand is that the people of Umuofia were happier before the British came. The Commissioner could not comprehend how people could be happy in a culture with a different system of laws and customs than his own, because in his mind, Britain’s laws are clearly good, and Igbo laws are clearly something evil to be rescued from.

Prior to the colonization of Africa, Ibo (Igbo) culture was vastly different from what it is was after colonialism. Compared to many governments of today’s society, Ibo government was decentralized as there was no governing authority. There were many title-holders and elders throughout the many tribes of Africa and they all held varying levels of authority. Presently, most governments today have a ruler similar to a president or a king where they have most of the authority over their people. Another large difference between Ibo culture before and after colonization was what they believed in religiously. Before the Europeans started colonizing Africa in the late 19th century, Ibo people were mainly polytheistic with one god who was the