The Rise of the Cognitive Perspective

Another key milestone of cognitive psychology is the development of neuroscience. Neuroscience is the study of how the brain and nervous system work together to determine behaviors. This was a big step for cognitive psychology. The ability to be able to study of the brain works during certain behaviors was a great start. Neuroscientists found that there are links between different structures of the brain and different functions. Donald Hebb thought that some functions were constructed of connections over time by sets of cells in the brain. Later Hebb and Wiesel did a study on cats and found that specific cells, in the visual cortex of their brains, were made to respond to specific stimuli (Galotti, 2014, p. 10). This shows that localization of different functions in the brain exists.

Cognitive and contextual perspectives are two of the major prospective of childhood development. Jean Piaget was a major proponent of cognitive perspective. Cognitive perspective emphasizes how changes or growth in people play into how they learn and perceive their world. While Lev Vygotsky, and Urie Bronfenbrenner were the driving forces behind Contextual Perspective. Contextual perspective takes into account the environment surrounding children and how our relationships effect ones growth. Within this paper we will be discussing the different theories that Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bronfenbrenner believed that aided children with learning thought childhood and adolescence.

The cognitive approach is the theory in which the viewpoint pays attention towards the way people learn such as think, speak, and remember and resolve problem. This standpoint goes against the behaviourist approach in a few ways for example the cognitive approach takes into account the inner mental positions unlike the behaviourism approach. A few examples of the mental positions are desire, ideas, motivation and

Cognitive perspective is an overview on how the mind perceives and process different areas. These studies consist of learning, remembering, planning, solving, judging, deciding, and speaking. The study is performed to gather information on

Scientists are able to study the brain in many ways. On a physical level, they study the brain using several methods. Brain imaging is used to visually see what the brain is doing at any time. Some patients are asked to visualize different things to see how their brain reacts and in what area it is affected. CAT scans and X-rays are also used to get pictures of the brain. Another physical way to study the brain is through open brain surgery. Psychologists are able to preform experiments with the patient having no pain. They use electrodes to stimulate or suppress the firing of certain neurons (Hillman, 2014). They would then continue to ask the person to describe what they feel and experience. According to Keith Hillmin at Psychology 24, “using

Research for the cognitive approach usually takes place in laboratory environments rather than naturalistic settings however this is not the case for all studies. The cognitive approach often compares the human brain and its processes to a computer, it could be argued that this is true due to the human brains ability to take information, encode

Cognitive psychology is better known as a “class of positions that embrace mentalism: appeals to explicitly nonbehavioral states, mechanisms, processes, structures, and the like, operating in a explicitly nonbehavioral dimension of the mind, and casually effective antecedents in explanations of behavior” (Moore, 2013). This article gives the history of cognitive behavior while discussing how cognitive psychology and behaviorism are different.

Within the discipline of psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the seven major psychological perspectives using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the seven major perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below.

Psychology has developed and changed over the course of its beginnings. There were numerous contributors to the field—the founders of psychology. This paper will focus on two of these founders: Wilhelm Wundt, the first to develop psychology as a formal discipline, and George A. Miller, the creator of cognitive psychology. This paper will compare and contrast the lives and works of Wundt and Miller. These psychology founders shared some similarities such as demonstrating expertise in other fields in addition to their work in psychology. They also both held lengthy tenures at respected universities from which they conducted the bulk of their work in psychology. One of the most notable differences between these two men is the time in which their study was conducted—Wundt’s work started in the late 1800s and Miller’s work began in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Additionally, Wundt’s disciplines of experimental psychology and social psychology have ideation that differs from Miller’s work in cognitive psychology.

Cognitive psychology is a modern school of psychology that departs from the traditional view of psychology as primarily a function of responses to stimuli and patterns of conditioned responses. It does not reject the behaviorist school of psychology as much as it expands its scope to include elements of responses and behavior that are not fully addressed by behaviorism (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2009). Cognitive psychology appreciates the value of observational data and empirical or "scientific" analysis but rejects the introspection-oriented methods relied upon within Freudian psychodynamic psychology. Generally, cognitive theory suggests that perception and corresponding external behavioral responses are dictated by a much more complex set of variables than cause and effect or the one-dimensional focus of classical conditioning (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2009). It incorporates internal states of mind as well as subjective variables such as social learning and belief, the cumulative impact of previous experiences, individual desires and perspective, and personal motivation. It also emphasizes the significance of differences in brain structure and function from individual to individual as elements that contribute to the perceptions and responses of different individuals to experiences that are objectively similar (Pinker, 2002).

The Cognitive Learning Theory came into the forefront of educational psychology predominately in the 1950s. At the end of the era of behaviorism, many theorists questioned whether or not behaviorism fully explained learning. Sure, there was an understanding of observable behaviors, but what about what was going on in the mind? Theorists such as Tolman, Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner all helped to pioneer a movement away from behaviorism to a cognitive approach (Yilmaz, 2011).

All of our mental capabilities and developments which includes but is not limited to memory, thinking, intuition, understanding and awareness is known as cognition. Cognition is unique in that it manages the human’s conscious and unconscious mind. It is constantly retrieving current mental insight while still constantly developing new ones. In simple terms, despite the intricacies of what it entails, cognition refers to the method of how a human being deals with information and applies knowledge based on their psychological capacity. Because the concept of cognition is so abstract, there are various types of fields of science (i.e. philosophy, neurology, psychology and even computer science) that can examine it from different viewpoints.

The theory of Cognitive psychology looks at any individual as the source of processing the information just any computer which perceives the input in the form of information and then processing it with the help of already installed information related to it and then it is given out as an output by following the program. It is still possible to study the mental position of the mind through meditational processes involving attention, perception and memory. These are the stages in processing the information in a human mind. Objects, information, scenarios are always present here in our environment and we respond to them through several actions and reactions of our mind capability. Whenever a person looks at an object through his eyes, he will look at it only when he will pay attention to that object. (Hugenberg, 2010)

Cognitive psychology is the study of how a person comprehends and stores information. The researchers who study cognitive psychology are known as Cognitivists. These psychologists focus on the habits that subjects use to remember information and then later retrieve the information. Using the scientific method, Cognitivists go through a series of steps to test our thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity. They then take the results of their studies and make conclusions on how information is processed, stored, and used. Problems associated with this method are the chance that subjects might have already learned the information earlier in life.

The essentials of the cognitive learning theory have a long history, and the cognitive transformation occurred around the middle of the 20th century. This area of psychology focused on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision-making. If one wanted to simply define the cognitive perspective it would be a branch of psychology