Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a group of behavioral and mental symptoms that include inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. ADHD is a mental disorder that takes place in childhood (1). It can continue through teenage years and adulthood. ADHD makes it difficult for a child to pay attention. Children diagnosed with ADHD can be hyperactive. Also, children with ADHD find it difficult to say patient. In addition, children with ADHD may not do well in school or have a good behavior at their home or in their community. Children from all around the world and at any age can develop ADHD (2). ADHD affects around 2-5% school-aged children, it is more diagnosed in boys than girls. Most symptoms of ADHD cases are related …show more content…
They say ADHD can stem from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. ADHD runs in families. Scientists have found that there many genes responsible for causing ADHD. Moreover, environmental factors are involved in causing ADHD. Some of the environmental factors that play a role in causing ADHD are, smoking or consuming alcohol during pregnancy, very low birth weight, brain injuries, exposing to toxics during pregnancy for the mother or during young age for the child, and of course, abuse, neglect, and social deprivation. Some researches show that food additives and coloring may play a role in hyperactivity and may also worsen the case, but the effects are small and they don’t account for most ADHD cases (2). In addition, dietary factors may play a role in causing ADHD. For example, sensitivities to certain foods and deficiency of fatty acids and zinc (3). The key behaviors of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Some children with ADHD may have only one of the symptoms, while others may have the combined symptoms of …show more content…
Researchers haven’t found any cure for ADHD until now, but there are available treatments which can reduce the symptoms and increase functioning well (4). First type of treatment is medication, there are four types of medications that are officially licensed for treating ADHD. These medications are, methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and atomoxetine. These medications can help ADHD patients focus better, concentrate more, and feel more comfortable, but, they are not a permanent cure for ADHD. Another type of therapy is psycho education. This types of therapy help a patient to cope more with their disorder and live more comfortably. In addition, behavioral therapy is another type of treatment. Behavioral therapy provides support for ADHD patients’ parents, teachers, colleagues, friends, and the patient himself. This type of treatment includes rewarding the patients to encourage them to control their disorder. For children, this type of therapy can identify and choose which type of behavior you want to encourage. It also includes how to manage and structure the child’s activities
ADHD is a very common neurodevelopment disorder of childhood. It is usually diagnosed in late childhood, around the age of seven by the teachers. The symptoms are typical during ages 3-6 and if not treated properly becomes chronic and persists even after entering adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, staying organized and controlling impulsive behaviors. It is very difficult to diagnose and when undiagnosed the children can grow to be mislabeled as trouble makers in their adulthood.
The cause of ADHD is unknown. Many researchers think that ADHD is caused by genetics, brain injuries, sugar and environmental links (Hasan, S. (Ed.). Research have found that certain areas of the brain are about 5 to 10 percent smaller in size and activity in kids with ADHD (Hasan, S. (Ed.). Another study has suggested that children who are exposed to a lot of television and video games at a young age has been linked to ADHD (Hasan, S. (Ed.). Some other researcher have also linked that mothers who smoked or used alcohol doing
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurological disorder and is mainly diagnosed in childhood, although it can carry on into adulthood. ADHD often occurs in more in males than females. A child with ADHD might daydream, forget or lose things, fidget, talk too much, and having trouble socializing. School can be very challenging for a child with ADHD. A child with ADHD may have trouble concentrating in school, have difficulties reading and writing, and have trouble making friends and socializing.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder otherwise known as ADHD is a common condition that affects kids and can continue into adulthood. Some of the effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are problems paying attention, unable to follow directions, and easily bored or frustrated with any tasks. These types of behaviors are generally common in children, but they occur more often than usual and are more severe in children with ADHD. The behaviors that are common with ADHD interfere with a child's ability to function at school and at home when they need to be paying attention. Adults with ADHD have a difficult time with organizational skills, goal setting, time management, and employment. They may also have problems with relationships, self-esteem, and addictions.
Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, family interactions, and life in general.
What is attention deficit hyper disorder? ADHD is a “chronic condition that affects pre-school or very young school children (Zivkovic 3822). ADHD symptoms are difficulty sustaining attention, impulsive behavior and hyper activity (3822). There was a research conducted by Cordest hat ADHD prevails in 3 to 5% of preschoolers and is more common in boys than in girls (3822). Children as young as three and four years of age are being diagnosed with ADHD and are being given medications. Parents with children between the ages of two and six should not medicate their children that are diagnosed with ADHD.
Attention Deficit with hyper activity Disorder commonly known as ADHD is classified as a disruptive behavior disorder usually diagnosed in childhood. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavior disorder of childhood. It appears to be more common in boys than it is girls. This Disorder is more common in boys than in girls and approximately five in one hundred children are affected (Busing). There are three subtypes: Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive (most children have the combined type of ADHD)(nimh.nih.gov).The age of onset of ADHD is usually in preschool to early elementary school years.
Though the disease of ADHD affects every child differently, doctors utilize the same guidelines for each child in determining if the symptoms results in ADHD. According to Alan Schwarz, the rising number of diagnoses makes ADHD the second most prevalent disease in children besides asthma. Over the past twenty years, the number of children diagnosed with ADHD has risen to 3.5 million compared to 600,000 in 1990 (Schwarz A1). The families affected by ADHD rely heavily on their physicians to accurately assess their children’s symptoms, but the doctors trust on observers to record the child’s symptoms correctly. Parents need to develop a greater sense of awareness from the observations of the serious side effects that come with the medication their children consume every day. The increasing number of children diagnosed with ADHD demonstrates physicians’ inclinations to complacently misdiagnose their patients.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a high comorbidity level with developmental, learning and psychiatric problems. There are three types of ADHD; inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type and combination type. With inattentive type the child displays disorganization, is unable to complete tasks, becomes easily bored, and
The drug most effective to treat ADHD are stimulants which allow more neurotransmitters in the brain to minimize symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention (Key, 2012, pg. 152-154). Furthermore, there are several therapies that help reduce symptoms. One form of therapy is Behavior Reinforcement. This type of therapy uses positive reinforcement to encourage good behavior. Next, Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy helps a child be aware of their thoughts and behavior in a hope to reduce negative thoughts (Key, 2012, pg. 152-154). However, the most widely prefered method of treatment is a combination of medication and therapy that confronts both social and psychological issues (Key, 2012, pg. 152-154).
The DSM-5 states that the onset of ADHD occurs in early childhood years. It is important that the symptoms be present across multiple setting, such as home and school, to make a diagnosis. ADHD occurs in approximately 5% of children and 2.5% of adults, across most cultures. The temperament of the child tends to be associated with the disorder. Those with reduced behavioral inhibitions, attention-seeking behaviors, and negative emotionality are at risk of having ADHD. Although some environmental toxicants are suspect for elevated risk of developing ADHD, it is unclear if these “associations are causal”. ADHD is highly heritable, and visual and hearing impediments, poor nutrition, sleep disorders, metabolic disorders, child abuse, alcohol exposure, infections and epilepsy are all possible influences. Although ADHD is
ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, & Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), “attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children” (p. 38). In a
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.
For a child to be diagnosed for ADHD, the child or adult has to have the symptoms for 6 or more months before the doctor can diagnose the child or adult.Certain medicines can help people with ADHD by improving their focus and attention and reducing their impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Some of the medications are Adderall, Adderall XR, Concerta, DAytrana, Desoxyn, Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Focalin, Focalin XR, Metadate ER, Metadate CD, Methylin, Ritalin, Ritalin SR, Ritalin LA, Strattera, amd Vyvanse.
Scientists are studying causes and risk factors that might contribute to the development of ADHD in an attempt to better control and reduce the chances of a person having the disorder. Researchers who study the brain are coming closer to understanding what may cause ADHD. They believe that some people with ADHD don’t have enough of certain chemicals, called neurotransmitter, in the brain. These chemicals help the brain control behavior. However the exact or precise cause of the disorder remains unknown.