The Role Of Behaviorism And Cognitive Development Centres On The Premise That People Learn

This essay will attempt to make a analytical comparison between two psychological perspectives, cognitive and behaviourism on what they believe about their approach to learning and also explain what the theories of two psychologist that are associated with both perspectives, highlighting the similarities and differences.

In Psychology learning is seen as a change in behaviour caused by an experience. Behaviorism, is seen as a learning theory; an attempt to explain how people or animals learn by studying their behaviour. The Behaviourists Approach has two theories to help explain how we learn, Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In this task I will attempt to describe and evaluate this approach.

Finally behaviourism is based on the theoretical assumption that behaviour is learned through ones environment. This behaviour is learned through classical or operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is the way in which an organism learns to associate two stimuli such that one stimulus comes to elicit a response that was originally elicited only by the other stimulus (Holt, 2012). Holt describes operant learning as the way in which behaviour is influenced by consequences that follow it (Holt,

Classical conditioning is one of the greatest ideas of our culture. "Any person, regardless of his or her background, could be trained to act in a particular manner given the right conditioning". Classical conditioning is continuously happening in our life. How we act has significant repercussions of accepting typical and chaotic actions with people. "Classical (or Pavlovian) conditioning is one of the fundamental ways we learn about the world around us. But it is far more than just a theory of learning; it is also arguably a theory of identity". 'Behaviorism ', likewise identified as interactive consciousness, remains a philosophy of knowledge found on the awareness that every conduct exist by doing something over and over. Adapting

Behaviorism is a theory that originated from the works of Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning and B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning. The belief is that Behaviors are learned and changed through associations between stimuli and responses. Learning is caused by a stimulus being introduced and there is a reaction to the stimulus rather it is a positive or

In this chapter, the author summarized three classic theories of learning and cognition. First, Skinner’s behavioral theory, which is a theory of operant conditioning, based upon the idea that changes in behavior are the result of an individual's response to the events occur. It depends on the reinforcements or punishments, which appear in the environment. Second, Piaget’s Theory of cognitive development, it is comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. Piaget believed that the childhood plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition and his theory is known as a developmental stage theory. Last but not least, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory is the third theory

Lecture 2: Behavioral & Social Cognitive Views of Learning Lecture Highlights:      Definitions of Behavioral Learning Theory Classical Conditioning – Pavlov Operant Conditioning - Skinner Trial-and-error Learning / The Law of Effect - Thorndike Social Learning Theory - Bandura

Through the collaborative efforts of psychologists Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, philosopher Ernst von Glasersfeld and many other contributing researchers, Constructivism has become a successful and supported learning theory. It has been conducted off biological and evolutionary research on cognitive science and developed by researching its role in the representation of learning (Fosnot & Perry, 1996). As M. Gail Jones and Laura Brader-Araje (2002) discovered, Constructivism’s success was found due to previous frustrations with behaviourist education practices that left teachers feeling helpless with a system that placed responsibility for all student learning on them. Constructivism’ implementation altered how educators completely

Behaviorism is a worldview, which operates under a stimulus response principle. Every behavior is caused by an operating condition (external stimuli). Moreover, behaviors can be described without necessarily considering internal states or consciousness of mind. It basically assumes that a learner is passive, reacting to stimuli from the environment. Initially, the learner is a clean slate (tabula rasa) and the shaping of behavior is through positive as well as negative reinforcement. Both the reinforcements raise the possibility that the precursor behavior will occur again.

According to educational theories, we discuss and compare behaviourism and constructivism in the views of knowledge, learning and instruction.

Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions. Behaviourist use two process to explain how people learn. Classical condition and operant condition. In classical condition people learn to associate two stimuli when they occur together. operant conditioning is a simple feedback system: In operant condition people learn to perform new behavior through consequences of they do.

A cognitive-development approach to learning states that children are actively involved in the learning process. To them, learning comes naturally and they don’t need much external motivation or a system of punishments and rewards driving them to master subject areas. One important aspect of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is how children learn to process the information they receive. Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibrium are steps in the learning process. A child is introduced to new information, relates it something familiar, and decides to change their existing viewpoint based on this new information. A child builds their expertise based on schemas, or prior knowledge, at each stage of the learning

Behaviourism is a psychological approach that explains human development as learning from experience rather than a result of inborn tendencies or higher order thinking. (Moonie, 2006) The behaviourist movement began in 1913 when Watson wrote the article 'Psychology as the behaviourist views it.' Additionally, Pavlov, Thorndike and Skinner worked to develop behavioural theories of learning. They suggest that all behaviour is learned either through classical or operant conditioning. (Cardwell and Flanagan, 2012, p.50)

The key behaviourist views on learning are that learning is shaped by different incentives presented to the child. External stimulus shapes learning, as it prompts a response and increases the likelihood of the learner repeating the behaviour. Behaviourists believe development happens as a process of learning and that it has nothing to do with pre-determined stages relating to a child’s age and or mental ability. The behaviourist view works on a mix of operant and classical conditioning, operant conditioning is a process of learning where behaviour is controlled by consequences such as positive and negative reinforcements and positive and negative punishments. Classical conditioning is when ‘the learner simply responds to external stimuli in a deterministic manner’ (Jordan, Carlile, and Stack, 2008).

There are three approaches to learning that I will discuss in this section they are behaviorism, constructivism, and cognitivism. Behaviorism is a learning theory based on the idea that any behavior can be learned through conditioning as long as the conditioning is done the right way. There are two types of conditioning. The first type is classic conditioning. This type of conditioning is where a subject is provided a stimuli and based off of the stimuli the subject learns a specific behavior which in turn becomes the conditioned response to the stimuli. The second type of conditioning is operant conditioning which is reinforcement and punishment. This type of conditioning requires a