The Role Of Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning

There are two learning processes that are used, classical condition and operant conditioning. One learning process used is classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. I found two TV commercials that are excellent examples for classical conditioning. The first commercial I found is an Old Spice commercial. The ad starts off with an attractive man in a bathroom telling women to compare the men in their lives to him, stating that if men would stop using girl body wash they could be like him. The ad then moves to a boat where the man in the commercial offers the women in the audience two tickets to something they would enjoy and diamonds and then states that anything is possible if men used Old Spice as a body wash to smell like a man, not a lady. The second commercial I chose is a Nike advertisement. Throughout the advertisement there are young, attractive, fit, and famous people working hard to succeed.

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

Classical Conditioning is a type of learning process of an individual when they come in contact with certain stimuli. According to Pavlov, a Russian psychologist, he developed several experiments on learning and he discovered that classical condition is the basic form of learning for an individual. However, according to Pavlov, behaviorism is the view that psychology should be the main objective science that studies behavior without including mental processes of an individual in the investigation. Behaviorism is more about the person’s behavior and how they were influenced to act a certain why, including their surroundings. Thus, from this learning process many behaviorist believes that the basic laws of learning are similar for all different species, including humans. Furthermore, the two major characteristics that distinguish classical conditioning from operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning, an unconditioned response is an event that happens naturally in response to some stimuli such as salivation. Another characteristic is an unconditioned stimuli, which is a process where an individual naturally discovers something without learning the process and reacts to the unlearned response, For instance, when someone put food in there mouth this causes salivation. A conditioned stimuli in classical

Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning which occurs when two stimuli are paired together repetitively and therefore become associated with each other eventually producing the same response. Classical conditioning was developed from the findings of Ivan Pavlov to account for associations between neutral stimuli and reflexive behavior such as salivation. Pavlov (1927) accidently discovered that dogs began to salivate before they had tasted their food. To support his theory, he carried out experiments using dogs which involved measuring the amount of saliva they produced. In his experiments, food started off as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which produced salivation, an unconditioned response (UCR). They are both unconditioned as they occur naturally without being learned. The dogs were presented with a bell (NS), this provided no salivation. The bell and food were presented together and after many trails an

Classical conditioning is a form of basic learning the body automatically responds to a stimulus. One stimulus takes on the properties of another. The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is credited for discovering the basic principles of classical conditioning whilst he was studying digestion in dogs. He developed a technique for collecting dog’s salivary secretions. Pavlov (cited in Eysneck M.W 2009) noticed that the dogs would often start salivating before they were given any food or saw the feeding bucket or even when they heard the footstep of the laboratory assistant coming to feed them. Quite by accident Pavlov had discovered that the environmental control of behaviour can be changed as a result

The behaviourist perspective believes in nurture and that all behaviour is learnt from environmental influences and experiences, due to this they reject the idea of free-will. They have a strong belief in scientific methodology and that only observable behaviours should be studied as behaviour can be objectively measured using scientific experiments. There are three keys strands of the behaviourist perspective, Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, and social learning theory.

In the early 1900s classical conditioning was founded by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. The process of classical conditioning examines the type of learning where one discovers a new behavior by association. To break this down further one must understand the relationship between a stimulus and the response to that stimulus. Putting together how classical conditioning functions we must begin with the first stage where a stimulus called the unconditioned stimulus triggers a response called the unconditioned response. Once this process is concluded we are left with a neutral stimulus. Following this, the neutral stimulus will transcend into what is none as a conditioned stimulus. This new stimulus is applied to the person or thing and triggers a conditioned response.

First I will discuss classical conditioning. Classical conditioning was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov. But first let me explain what classical conditioning is. The learning takes place when an association is formed between a previously neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus, according to Pavlov. He first noticed this in his experiments on the digestive system of dogs. The dogs began to salivate whenever the dogs saw the white coats he was wearing, prior to being fed. He paired the natural stimulus of food with the sound of a bell. Then the dogs would naturally salivate in response to food. Then after several associations, the dogs would salivate to the sound of the bell. So this is how classical

Ivan Pavlov was a psychologist in Russia in the early twentieth century. He was doing research on the salivation in dogs in response to being fed. He noticed that his dogs would begin to salivate whenever he entered the room, even when he was not bringing them food. At first he did not think much of this, but he decided to look more into this. He did more experiments with the dogs and different stimuli. Through his new experiments he came up with the theory of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus; because of this pairing, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus with the same power as the unconditioned stimulus to elicit

This quote ties in to our topic of discussion, psychologist or any researcher at that matter will always be questioning. This is how we have come to learn as much as we have today. The psychologist were always coming up with new ideas and concepts and challenging them until they figured out how behavior works. Behaviorism is a school of thought that was joined from no other than John B. Watson. Behaviorism is the theory or doctrine that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable behavioral events, in contrast with subjective mental states. Behaviorism was a movement in psychology and philosophy that emphasized the outward behavioral aspects of thought and dismissed the inward experiential, and sometimes the inner procedural, aspects as well; a movement harking back to the methodological proposals of John B. Watson, who coined the name. There are a couple of main components within behaviorism, operant and classical conditioning.

Although, both are a form of behavior modification they in fact have a few differences. Specifically, classical conditioning has two type of responses unconditioned response and a conditioned response. Furthermore, unconditioned response is a behavior that we may not be aware of but is a result of a previous action and conditioned response is a modified behavior that an individual may be aware of due to someone else action.

Classical Conditioning 11695795 Oklahoma State University Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a way of learning in which something that did not previously have a particular response now has one due to exposure to another thing. Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, discovered the phenomenon of classical conditioning while researching the digestive patterns of dogs. Pavlov would place some meat powder in the dogs’ mouths to measure their bodies’ reactions. Before the dogs were given the meat powder, a bell would ring. They repeated this several times, and “Eventually, conditioning occurs in that the dog salivates just to the bell alone” (Clark, 1998).

Classical and operant conditioning are two different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. Phobias and addictions can be established from classical and operant conditioning. “In classical conditioning, an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response, through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response, or learned reflex” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, “Learning”, p.167). Whereas in operative conditioning, the way an individual behaves is created by an environmental reaction. In this essay I will speak about how phobias can be developed through classical and operant conditioning, the differences between the two, consequences such as

Reinstatement is a phenomenon that describes the return of an extinguished response following presentation of the US in classical conditioning (Bouton & Nelson, 1998). This phenomenon is dependent upon experimental context, as context promotes an association between the CS and US (Bouton, 2004). A lever pressing response was trained in rats to study the context-dependency of extinction and reinstatement in operant conditioning. The current study demonstrates that reinstatement occurs in operant conditioning, and remains context dependent, as reinstatement only occurred when subjects were presented with a reinforcer following extinction and were kept in the same context for all experimental phases.

Ivan Pavlov once said, "Don 't become a mere recorder of facts, but try to penetrate the mystery of their origin.” Often times in the fast pace world that college students live today many get so caught up in sheer memorization of everything that comes their way just to pass with that sought-after A. What is often looked past is the true meaning of concepts and ideas to retain the information needed for success. It was this very mindset instilled with in great men such as Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and many more who have broken new ground and uncovered amazing things so that the world is now able to have a better understanding of key concepts in how humans and animals learn. After years of work and