The Role Of Homeland Security In The United States

There have been court cases taken to trial where the evidence has been uncovered to have been retrieved under a violation of the Fourth Amendment, and consequently declared invalid. Such evidence was either obtained without a warrant or under unreasonable search and seizure. In cases where evidence is obtained under a violation of expectation of privacy, suspects can fight back in court and be held unaccountable for their crimes. They walk out of court with neither fines nor a sentence. With this said, evidence is off limits when retrieved under a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Otherwise, the evidence is valid and can be used to determine a criminal's luck from the moment the enter a court of justice.

Mapp’s conviction was overturned, and 5 Supreme Court justices found that the states were in fact bound to exclude any evidence that was obtained in violation of the 4th Amendment. The court justices felt that if evidence obtained through a violation of the 4th Amendment, was admissible, and then there would be no assurance against any type of unreasonable search and seizure, making the 4th Amendment essentially meaningless. After this decision, any evidence that was obtained through illegal searches would be inadmissible in the courts of every

Katz v. United States was held in the U.S. Supreme Court in 1967. Charles Katz was convicted of wagering based on evidence presented by the FBI. They planted devices on a public phone booth to record his conversations. This case violated the fourth amendment, which is our right to privacy Also the first and fifth amendments deal with our right to privacy as well. The fourth amendment states that we have the ?right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures? (Legal Information Institute, 2015).

Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961) Evidence that is acquired in violation under the Fourth Amendment is prohibited in a court of law and unconstitutional.

As an official of the Department of Homeland Security, it is vital for this organization to have an objective in maintaining strict control and security towards all U.S. airports while making sure danger does not occur.

When the topic of Homeland Security is introduced, the first thought that comes to mind is either 9/11 or the Transportation Security Administration, TSA for short. No matter the reference, most Americans know that Homeland Security has something to do with Terrorism. Until an actual attack occurs, or election season begins, the average person may never give any thought or credit to the Department of Homeland Security. Homeland Security goes far beyond terrorism and terrorism prevention. Homeland Security does not just encompass holding individuals up at airports for multiple hours to intentionally hinder passengers from catching their flight out of the Caribbean. Homeland Security is multiple levels of legislation; law and policy to prevent

The role of Homeland Security originated from the Founding Fathers, under the United States Constitution, that created a system and gave the primary role of homeland security to state and local governments (Oliver, 2007). When state and local governments became overwhelmed and could no longer effectively deal with a crisis then homeland security government would assist those governments (Oliver, 2007). The relationship was created through the United States Constitution in Article 4, Section 4, which declared that “the United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a Republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence” (U.S. Constitution, 2015) (Oliver, 2007). President John F. Kennedy was elected 1961, and made it a priority to necessitate organizational changes with homeland security (Oliver, 2007). President John F. Kennedy felt that local governments were doing little if anything to prepare for natural disasters and civil defense (Oliver, 2007). This became a priority for the Kennedy administration, and the office of civil and Defense mobilization was split into two agencies that became known as the Office of Emergency Planning and the Office of Civil Defense (Oliver, 2007).

“The Homeland Security Act of 2002 established the federal United States Department of Homeland Security. Its stated mission is to secure the nation against terrorist attacks, to protect against and respond to threats and to ensure safe and secure borders” (Andrew, C., & Walter, F., 2013). “In addition to reducing the nation’s vulnerability to terrorism, the act was also created minimize the damage and facilitate recovery from any attacks that may occur” (Homeland Security, Department of, 2017). Many people want protection from dangerous situations, but what’s the cost of protection.

The Boston Marathon is an annual event and brings out large numbers of individuals including marathon runners, the families of the runners, large police presence, and many tourists. During the annual event in April of 2013, there were two explosions close to the finish line that resulted in three fatalities and an excessive number of those injured, approximately 200 (History, 2014). These explosions came from homemade bombs that had been hidden in bags and dropped ear the finish line of the marathon. Investigations were immediately launched by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and within a matter days two unknown males became primary suspects as they were believed to be the individuals responsible for the bombs and the atrocious marathon

President George W. Bush promised that the new department would "improve efficiency without growing government" and would cut out "duplicative and redundant activities that drain critical homeland security resources (Edwards)." Goals are looked to as limits and thus is causing Homeland Security to subject themselves to failure. From the increasing number of incidents suggest that DHS is trying to act as a domestic police force on matters that do not relate to national threats. The Department of Homeland Security Duties is to work along side local law enforcement, and sometimes they have seniority over them. The goals for different organizations often change so when one, Homeland Security is trying to enforce their rules onto other, who have

After the terrorist attack September 11, 2001, the United States government increased their investments in security. Many innocent lives were lost because of that incident, which worried the United States of America about self-defense or Homeland Security. Homeland Security was signed to become a law by the President George W. Bush in November 2002. Their main priority was to secure the country from the threats such as international terrorism. The Department of Homeland security had to focus on five goals such as prevent terrorism, enhance security, secure the borders, enforce immigration laws, safeguard, and cyberspace. In order to achieve these goals a lot of work was needed.

After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, an American public was shocked, flabbergasted, and lost for words for the first time since Pearl Harbor. Out of these fears the PATRIOT act was conceived; promising to help stop future terrorist plots the bill was initially met with high praise from the public and media. It was not for another decade that the side-effects of the patriot act were revealed to the world. The American public was appalled at the circumvention of their fourth Amendment rights. Still there is a clear divide between those who believe that the National Security Agency Is not violating the constitution and what they are doing is good for the betterment of the country and those who believe that their privacy and undeniable American freedoms were violated in part of the NSA spying with both parties bringing their own views and ideals to the field. The September eleventh attacks were the beginning of the end of privacy for American citizens the PATRIOT act which was signed a month later granted full access to the phones and computers of the people. It took over a decade for the public to become aware of the illegal spying that the NSA had conducted. The NSA spying is a complicated and controversial matter while there have been several judicial courts that have ruled against the spying there has also been just as many cases of the court 's finding the spying constitutional.

Homeland security, is a term that is used to denote all efforts and means in which the US takes to ensure that the US is safe from external aggression of terrorism and illegal immigrants. After the terrorist acts of September 11, all agencies and organizations that dealt with activities of making the homeland safe were put under the umbrella control of the Department of Homeland Security.

The majority of U.S citizens believe that the government spies on everyone’s and anyone’s emails and that they intercept phone calls, text messages, and social media. But, in fact, the NSA has certain rules and laws set in place in order to make sure they don’t do such a thing. The NSA also doesn’t intercept everyone’s email, phone calls, texts, and social media, they only investigate certain people that they believe may pose a threat to the peace. In an article regarding if the NSA was acting within the law, stated,”The National Security Agency's collection of telephone and other communication data has been done entirely within the law; Americans are not being spied upon. The country's various intelligence programs operate with strict oversight and accountability, and those who work in such agencies are committed to protecting the privacy and civil liberties of all Americans" (Clapper para. 1). This proves that the NSA isn’t spying on everyday Americans, but, in fact, protecting the privacy and the liberty of

The idea of securing the nation’s borders and securing the safety of the citizens has been a major topic since the beginning of the nation’s existence. There have always been means and procedures for it but it was never defined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and a lot of emphasis is being provided so as to ensure the safety of the borders and the citizens of the United States. So one must ponder what the difference between homeland security and homeland defense are since they both tend to mean the same