The Role Of Impairment In Autistic Children

1) explain why it is important to recognise that each individual on the autistic spectrum has their own individual abilities, needs, strengths, preferences and interests

Autism is a developmental disorder, which is characterized by a dyad of difficulties in a) communication and social interaction and b) restricted interests and imagination (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Individuals on the Autism Spectrum might find it challenging to understand what other people think or what the reasons for their behaviours are, as their ‘theory of mind’ may not be well developed (Schuwerk, Vuori & Sodian, 2015). It is possible that this is why they might behave in socially inappropriate ways, being unable to differentiate between different contexts, while they might also find it difficult to make friends. Moreover, it is likely that they are fond of routines, repetition and structure (Carnahan, Musti-Rao, & Bailey, 2009), as they might be nervous with unknown, new situations. In addition, some of them might not do eye contact with other people, whereas some others might not endure to be touched and might have a difficulty developing speech (Jordan, 2005). Individuals on the Autism Spectrum might sometimes be prohibited to initiate conversations and might struggle with finding different ways to play and behave, due to the possible deficit of imagination, which in some cases might result in them having a narrow sphere of interests. Nevertheless, it should be noted that this group of people is rather heterogeneous, as characteristics of autism may differ from one individual to another (Gwynette, 2013). Another point is that people with Autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be portrayed toward critical impairments in social interaction. It also includes restricted repeated behaviors, interests and activities. (Mayo Clinic staff, 2014)

To understand the etiology of Autism one must understand that Autism belongs to a group of developmental disabilities that have been identified as Autism Spectrum Disorders. The name "spectrum” indicates that the disorder is broad and it affects each individual differently. Autism Spectrum Disorder commonly referred to as (ASD) encompass delays in the development of many basic skills. These delays in development include but are not limited to: limited or inability to properly socialize or establish relationships with others, effective communication skills, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Individuals with Autism may also have (ID) intellectual disabilities,

Emotional development is a complex task that begins in infancy and continues into adulthood. The first emotions that can be recognised in babies include joy, anger, sadness and fear. Later, as children begin to develop a sense of self, more complex emotions like shyness, surprise, elation, embarrassment, shame, guilt, pride and empathy emerge. Primary school children are still learning to identify emotions, to understand why they happen and how to manage them appropriately. As children develop, the things that provoke their emotional responses change, as do the strategies they use to manage them.

The condition, “Autism Spectrum Disorder(A.S.D.)” is now seen as an epidemic in the present evolved society. Oxford Living Dictionary defines autism as “A developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior.” (Oxford Living Dictionary) The dictionary is in total concordance with the American Psychiatry Association, as it is clearly implied that autism is a mental illness. The prospect of this research is to let in on the symptoms of autism, the reasons why it is not a total disadvantage and how to cultivate the best traits in autistic children.

Autism spectrum disorder hinders a child’s capability to interact and communicate with others; “ASD is now defined by the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnosis

Autism spectrum disorder first became a diagnosed disorder when it was described by a psychiatrist named, Leo Kanner in 1943. As a result of a study he conducted involving 11 children, he developed a diagnostic criteria based on observations of repetitive, stereotyped behavior with consistent impairment in social interactions (Volden, 2017). Over time however, autism became synonymous with Asperger’s disorder and pervasive developmental disorder that included similar, but widely different diagnostic criteria in social interactions. Not until 1994 did the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders 4th edition recognize autism as a distinct disorder, being classified today in the 5th edition of DSM as autism spectrum

When one thinks of autism, many people do not fully understand the disorder, this is due to lack of research, media perception, and lack of involvement with these individuals. Hillman (2006) describes autism as, “ a devastating developmental disorder in which children have core deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction, and pretend or imaginative play.” These difficulties prevent the child from interacting with individuals. They often avoid eye contact and lack of facial or emotional expression. Along with this, the absence of making friends or desire to even be in company can lead to lack of social interaction.

Autism is a neurological developmental disorder that characterized by deficits in social interaction, social communication, restricted and repetitive interests, and behavioral patterns. Symptoms of autism manifested in children usually by the age of 3 (Wang et al., 2014) It also characterized by impaired language and social skills, and restricted areas of interest. Additional features may include poor eye contact, repetitive behavior, sensory modulatory dysfunction, and varying levels of cognition and motor disturbances (Tordjman et al., 2009).

Autism is a childhood developmental disorder that appears in the first three years of life. There are many possible symptoms individuals with autism experience. One human autistic behavior in children ages one to four is the lack of play development and social skills. Children with autism oftentimes engage in nonsocial activities while choosing to play with a restricted selection of objects for long periods of time. They tend to spend considerably less time playing functionally than children without autism (Fabienneet al., 2008). For example, most kids play “house” and use their imagination, but children with autism are likely to lack these skills in symbolic play. They would rather spend time with visual examination of just one toy or object.

This paper will review five studies concerning the behavior and development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The studies investigate how autism effects communication, socialization, cognitive development, and a number of other areas. Researchers use many different types of scales to measure and compare the difference between children with ASD and typically developing children.

2004) According to article “What is Autism”, ASD can be associated with “intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination and attention and physical health issues” (Autism Speak). Autistic children have trouble forming relationships with other people because they have a hard time understanding and responding to emotional signals from others (Greenspan et al., 2006). But on the other hand some children can excel in areas such as visual skills, music, math and art.

There are five subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pervasive Development Disorder is best recognized by “repetitive play skills and limited social skills”, most prevalent before age 3 (National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2015; Heward, 2003; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A second type, Autistic Disorder or classical Autism Spectrum Disorder, is most obvious from the child’s social difficulties, verbal and non-verbal communication issues,

Autism is associated with a range of differences and difficulties typically related to core skills in reciprocal social interaction, communication and imagination