The Role Of Peer Rejection, Aggression, And Gender

Social Psychological Theories of Aggression Social learning theorists propose that behaviour, such as aggression is learnt through observation, imitation and behaviour shaping. This behaviour is learnt automatically through observation of male and female role models, for example parents, peers and media characters. Whether or not this behaviour is imitated depends on the type of reinforcement that the role model receives. Vicarious reinforcement involves the outcome of a role models behaviour, for example if a child observes a parent acting aggressively and receiving positive rewards for they are more like to be imitate this behaviour in the future, than they would be if the role model

The feeling of aggression and rage is natural. We try our best to ignore it because we’ve been forced to think it’s inhumane. Children can’t be shielded from something that’s been implemented from birth. Jones a thriving comic book writer states “Children will feel rage. Even the sweetest and most civilized of them” (3). Rage comes from everyone; we are naturally given this emotion. I’ve seen this in my own life. My three younger cousins have what some might consider overly protective parents. Both the TV’s, and computers have child restriction programs. They aren’t allowed to play any violent video games, yet they constantly beat on each other for the most foolish reasons. Consequently, they’re

To start, any sign of aggression can influence the way the boy’s show emotion to other people.

game.” If the child’s aggression is increased by the violence in these games, then his or

The social skills lesson plan teaches students the skill of dealing with their own anger, and is intended for students in grades Kindergarten. I chose this social skill because it is an issue I have observed in my current Kindergarten student internship. Also, learning to deal with ones own emotions is a fundamental skill. The lesson begins with a read aloud of the book The Mad Family Gets Their Mads Out by Lynne Namka. The story helps children understand feelings of anger, what steps to take to help regulate angry feelings in a pro social way, and why it’s important to deal with our own anger in a positive way. The read aloud is followed by an activity where students will role-play real life scenarios in the classroom. Students will learn the task analysis for dealing with their own anger and implement as they role-play the scenario. The task analysis involves three steps: (1) pause, (2) step back/take deep breathe, and (3) choose appropriate response. Apprpriate response may be to

There are many research studies that have a main focus on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and how it relates to bullying and being a bully from an education and psychological perceptive. One article in the critique looks at how male students who have ADHD are more likely to be bullied or are bullies themselves. The other article in the critique looks at students in general with no specific gender given preference. Both studies have focus in Canadian children. The first study is titled “Social Correlates of Bullying in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” by Victoria Timmermanis and Judith Wiener. This study looks at the comparison of students with ADHD being bullied and those without being bullied. (Timmermanis

I chose the article, Navigating Power, Control, and Being Nice: Aggression in Adolescent Girls’ Friendships, because it examined the relationship between gender role identify and relational aggression, a common theme throughout Wisemans’ Queen Bees and Wannabes. In my chapter review(s) I commented a lot on the balancing act that both young girls and boys face in both the adolescent and adult world and I wanted to research the topic further because as a teacher I have experience firsthand the affect it can have on an individual. The study focuses on 52 girls with the mean age of 15, 70% of which were white and 30% non-white from the mid-Atlantic U.S. The girls participated in interviews, a Relational Aggression Scale, and a Bem Sex- Role Inventory in order to find the answer to the following questions; what is the cause of relational aggression? And what influences the manner in which females resolve conflicts?

However, it is important for the educator to notice negative facial expressions. Therefore, if one of the children does not smile or laugh while playing, if he looks scared, hurt, angry or might be using an angry tone or even shouting and is not playful in actions, then the game needs to stop because that is the moment when it becomes aggression rather than play.

Bullying has a negative physical impact but also a mental impact. Bolivar states the effects that bullying has on adolescent’s victim. “The results of this study found that there is a connection between bullying, socioeconomic status, gender, and adolescent mental health” This digs deeper into the social status and about the role of gender in situation of bullying. “The study indicates that adolescents that fear being attacked by their peers and/or peers threatening to hurt them, increases the chances of them feeling nervous, hopeless, restless, depressed, everything is an effort, and/or worthless.”. This makes us think of the correlation between your status and your gender. The article also goes into depth about how adolescents who have

Harding and Meldon-Smith (1999) and Sharman, Cross and Vennis (2007) provide milestones for children’s emotional development. When comparing these milestones to C’s development, it can be seen that C has only managed to reach about half of the milestones for her age in emotional development and all but a few of those for cognitive development. With regards to emotional development, C displayed a tendency to sulk rather than have an outburst (see appendix 2) and throughout time sampling observation (see appendix 1) was often seen to be watching what was going on around her. However, she failed to show an ability to control her emotions, and did not appear to be developing concepts such as forgiveness and fairness. C also appeared to have failed to reach one particular milestone for

Ostracism, being ignored by peer groups is another form or rejection adolescents suffer from. Students who are shy or do not share similar interests with other students are often ignored. In some cases individuals are ignored on purpose and are excluded intentionally from social activities. The shooters in Littleton, Colorado’s Columbine shooting were targets of ostracism

Some people feel angry a lot of the time. Some situations can make anybody angry. We do not, however, expect that playing violent video games will routinely increase feelings of anger, compared with playing a nonviolent game. To be sure, playing a frustrating game is likely to increase anger. Violent content by itself, however, in the absence of another provocation, is likely to have little direct impact on affect. We deliberately chose to use a pair of violent and nonviolent games that are equally well liked for Study 2. In effect, this choice closes off this particular route to aggression, allowing a cleaner test of the more critical hypothesis that violent content itself can increase

Previous research concerning peer aggression has been conducted under the assumption that women rarely display aggression; therefore, aggressive behavior has historically been viewed as a male phenomenon (Björkqvist, 1994). Recently, many researchers have challenged the gender bias in the existence of aggressive behaviors and have broadened the definition of aggression. Björkqvist’s research suggests sex differences exist in the quality of the aggression, but not the quantity. According to Paquette and Underwood (1999), an adolescent’s expression of anger and contempt for peers can sometimes be expressed through physical aggression, manipulation, exclusion, and/or gossip. This broader definition allows for

Now that the child is school age, it has many different learned experiences with facial expressions from parents, siblings, friends, and teachers. A child will be reprimanded for doing something against the parents’ wishes and will be told to stop. Children will often test the parents’ limits and continue with the action and when the parent combines the verbal action along with the stern facial expression, the child understand it has reached the parent’s limit. Verbal communication combined with facial expressions provides more meaning to the conversation than just words alone.

Relational aggression (RA) is defined as nonphysical behaviors that aim to deliberately cause harm to another individual by destroying relationships, harming social status or self-esteem, or public embarrassment (Crick, Werner, Casas, O’Brien, Nelson, Grotpeter, & Markon, 1999). Examples include behaviors such as purposely ignoring a peer, spreading rumors, creating undesirable gossip, and excluding a peer from group activities, (Crick, 1996; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995; Crick, Ostrov, & Werner, 2006). RA can occur as early as preschool years, and plays a huge role in the interactions among this population with behaviors such as covering one’s ears as a sign of ignoring another peer (Bonica, Arnold, Fisher, Zeljo, & Yershova, 2003; Crick et al.,