The Role Of Physical Activity On The Cardiovascular System And Skeletal Muscles

Cardiac hypertrophy is the enlargement, or thickening, of the heart muscle. After lots of strenuous exercise the heart muscle will increase. If a person does exercise, a thirty minute jog every day, for six months there will be an obvious increase in many other factors but the heart muscles will have grown in size. These changes are reversible when you discontinue aerobic training.

Exercise in general has been known to reep many benefits in health of the body, for example the seven components of fitness as mentioned in ‘ABC of sports and exercise medicine, third edition by Sir Roger Bannister’. (Edited by Gregory P Whyte)

In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.

Cardiometabolic risk has been shown to increase in relation to increased sedentary time, but decrease with breaks in sedentary time. Cooper et al. found that increased sedentary time was positively associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Another study discovered that metabolic markers such as insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, and glucose tolerance were found to improve with increased physical activity breaks [27]. Another benefit of physical activity breaks in sedentary time is the lowering of postprandial

Obesity rates have continued to raise over the years. In America 1 out of 3 adults were considered to be obese. Due to these statistics obesity has become a huge concern for our country. Factors that are related to obesity are heart diseases, health issues, diabetes, and hypertension. To not be another statistic we must have a healthy nutrition and have physical activities in our daily routines. Aerobics is a great way to start a healthy lifestyle. As said in myDr, "Regular aerobic exercise improves your cardiovascular fitness by increasing your capacity to use oxygen. It does this by increasing your heart’s capacity to send blood (and hence oxygen) to the muscles." Cardiovascular exercise is extremely important because reduces health problems, improved bone and muscle health, and controls your weight.

Exercise is another key to maintain a healthy heart and cardiovascular system. The American Heart Association recommends 150-minutes of moderate-intensity, aerobic, physical activity, or 75-minutes of vigorous-intensity, aerobic, physical activity. To stave off boredom, it’s suggested to do a combination of both types of exercise throughout the week (American Heart Association, 2017). Aerobic physical activity is described as, “Exercise with oxygen.” During this type of exercise, the body, more specifically the heart, is working hard to pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the muscles throughout your body (another name for this type of exercise is cardio-exercise). Specific examples of aerobic exercise are; cardio machines, walking, jogging, running, swimming, hiking, and even dancing. The intensity of the exercise depends on how fast and how long the exercise is consistently maintained over a period of time (Weil, n.d.).

2. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(8): 1435-45. Abstract available at: http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/2007/08000/Physical_Activity_and_Public_Health_in_Older.28.aspx

During exercise your heart and breathing rates increase noticeably. The change is due to the increased needs of oxygen and other nutrients to the muscles in the body.

According to research done by Shete, Bute, and Deshmukh (2014), regular physical training can improve aerobic capacity by enlarging cardiac chambers, increasing density of capillaries and number of mitochondria (Shete, Bute, & Deshmukh, 2014). Both subjects are physically active on a daily basis which enables them to produce good results in these various procedures and Shete, Bute, and Deshmukh 2014 study says “regular physical activity definitely shows a higher aerobic capacity” (Shete et al., 2014 p.

The cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system is the key system of the horse’s body. When getting a horse fit this system needs to be developed in order to increase the horse’s capacity to draw in oxygen, transport oxygen to the muscles for energy, remove waste products and make the muscles; in this case, cardiac muscle of the heart, become more durable and strong.

CV Fitness is an important element in overall health and wellbeing. Adults that are physically active are healthier than those who are inactive and are less likely to develop many chronic diseases. Those who follow the guidelines of frequency, intensity, time and type of CV fitness are at lower risk of premature death, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and some mental illnesses (“Active Adults”, 2015). It is found that adults who exercise regularly have hearts that gradually adapt to the activity rates and the heart increases in strength and size thus improving CV health. Aerobic activity aids in clearing fatty deposits from the walls of some vessels, this slows down the process of atherosclerosis (Marieb et al., 2014). Atherosclerosis is basically an accumulation of fatty deposits in inner linings of some arteries which blocks blood flow

All sorts of cardiovascular activity has been shown to be beneficial. Scientists studied people who jogged for thirty minutes. Their decision making speed once the workout was completed, was significantly higher when compared with the standard results. They also proved to give more correct answers to questions posed after exercise than they did before.

The benefits and pitfalls of physical activity in the fight against cardiovascular disease – Evaluate the role of physical activity in preventing cardiovascular disease

The research problem for this study is not clear, but can be assumed to be the lack of research on less intense and less frequent exercise programs and how they effects a person’s blood pressure, fitness level, and functional ability. The authors mentioned in the introduction that some studies had shown exercise classes occurring less often to still have a significant decrease in the patient’s blood pressure. It seemed that the authors wanted to add another study to the small pool of research already having been conducted on this topic while also including how it can affect the functional ability.

     Exercising obviously helps to make a person healthier, but it could even save one’s life. There have been many tests taken to challenge just how important exercising is to a human being. In Sweden between 1958 and 1967 at test determined that during a 10-year period, a group of 88 exercisers were ill for a total of 4,673 days, an average of five days apiece. A different group comparable to the first group in age and sex, but not exercisers, added up to 13,478 sick days, nearly three times as many as the exercisers (Gilmore 11). Another test taken by Professor A.H. Ismal of Purdue University. He studied the medical records of 44 men for four years. He found that the medical expenses for the sedentary members of the group averaged about $400 a year in doctor’s bills, but the regular exercisers added up to only half that amount (Gilmore 11). Duke University found that a regular exercise alters the chemical composition of blood that is better able to dissolve blood clots. Because blood clots in an artery are believed to trigger some heart attacks, strokes and other diseases by cutting off circulation of the heart and brain, the change in the blood induced by exercise may also give some protection against many