The Role Of Statistics And Criminal Justice

Crime measurement and statistics for police departments are very important when it comes to money allotment, staffing needs or termination and it is also used to determine the effectiveness of new laws and programs. There are three tools used to measure major crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey and the National Incident Based Reporting System- which is currently being tested to replace the Uniform Crime Reports. Although there different tools used to measure crime, crime rates can be deceiving. Each different tool reports a different type of rate, crime rates, arrest

Law enforcement agencies use three different sources to collect crime statistics. They use official statistics, victimizations surveys, and self-report surveys as their main sources of collecting data. The University of Texas at Arlington and the University of Texas at Austin both have pretty similar crime statistics.

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Criminal Justice is a science that uses facts, experience, and opinions to develop standards that help shape the decision-making process. Legal empirical researchers are using statistical analysis to categorize crime data. Combining both data and legal analysis, this concept led to a new movement of a development of law. Statistics show there are 2.3 million incarcerated in correctional facilities in the United States. At the State and Federal prison systems, one in five prisoners is incarcerated for a drug offense (Peter Wagner). Maryland has more than 20,000 inmates, 58% were for nonviolent offenses, costing the state close to 1 billion dollars per year. On average one inmate costs the state over 37,000 dollars

Various crime prevention strategies can use the trends in female and male crime patterns. The information can be used to assess the responses by the justice and the social

During this essay, I will be discussing recorded crime statistics and victimisation surveys as they are our primary techniques of measuring levels and trends of crime. After briefly explaining what is meant by these terms, I will seek to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses in order to question the extent to which they are reliable resources that provide us with accurate information.

Crime statistics endeavor to provide statistical measures of crime in societies. They provide a point of analysis and comparison, allow countries to form long-term patterns and trends and can help to develop and reform criminal justice policies as well as being more meaningful than raw numbers. Using the countries of Bahrain and the United States as a comparison point for the following issues which surround crime statistics such as biases, agendas and general influences like education and religion; this essay will be focused around analysing the statistical factors and wider influences which can allow a country to have low or high crime rates.

Research is widely recognized as the basic technique for advancing a body of knowledge across various professions including the criminal justice field. This tool has the ability of enhancing a body of knowledge because it assists students, scholars, professionals in the criminal justice field, and governmental policy makers to determine effective methods for various issues like law enforcement, prevention of crime, and corrections. For students in criminal justice, learning research enables them to think critically and formulate policies in this field. The process of conducting research in criminal justice incorporates the use of various methods that play an important role in this field. While there is a wide range of research methods for those interested in criminal justice, effective research methods have the ability of opening and closing cases. Nonetheless, research in the criminal justice sector includes the uses of terminology that affects the ability of an individual to carry out proper criminal justice research.

From a law enforcement perspective, data that police are likely to have are the small proportion of frequent offenders who are continuously represented in the criminal justice system (Vollard, 2010). Even though this is considered a small group of reoffending criminals, these offenders usually go on to commit more serious

Walker, J. T., & Maddan, S. (2009). Variables and Measurement. In Statistics in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Analysis and Interpretation (4th edition, pp. 34-35). Retrieved from

For the second article, “Imprisonment vs. The Death Penalty,” the type of sampling used in this study is purposive or judgmental sampling. Purposive sampling uses judgment to select cases and have a very specific purpose in mind (Neuman, 2009, p. 90). In this analysis, measurements of imprisonment, execution, and homicide were used from figures that were issued by the Federal Bureaus of Prisons and Investigation (Bailey, 1977). The study examined the how the concurrent deterrent effect of imprisonment and execution on homicide rates were governing the many socioeconomic and demographic factors that were linked to homicides.

There are two systems mentioned in the textbook that measures crime in the United States, the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These systems provide statistics to see how new laws and programs are working. The UCR is a computer-based program used by law enforcement to report crimes into a database within the United States for statistical purposes. This system is broken down into parts, part I being violent crimes and part II being the other crimes. The three major issues with this system voluntary of data collection, ability to adjust the crime rate, and many offenses are not brought to the attention of the police. These three issues give police departments the ability change their numbers to justify their jurisdiction, an officer can choose to make an arrest and do the report, and crime is not allows reported on time making the police a reactive force rather than proactive. The NCVS is a panel survey of a household that is repeated over a period of time ranging from six months to three years, where members of that household are interviewed numerous times during that time period to see how or if the crime rate in the area of occupation has changed. There are also issues with this system ranging from lack of knowledge of what is a crime, losing contact with the household being surveyed, and the way the questions are asked or answered.

A study was done in Colombia to establish the risk factors for adult male criminality. According to Klevens, Roca, Restrepo, and Martinez (2001), Colombia has one of the highest homicide rates in the entire world. In their own study, they chose participants from 5 police detention centers from 5 cities in Colombia that had the highest crime rates at the time of the study. The method of this research was a comparison of interview data from two groups. One group being 223 male offenders from ages 18-30 and the second group was the control group that was made up of 222 males of similar communities. In the first group, 11% were arrested for homicide, 14% for aggravated assault, 55% for robbery, 5% for drug trafficking, 4% for rebellion (leftist

Statistical methods to data and analysis 3. Use of typological methods to classify and study criminals. Underlying assumptions

In this project we are summarize the crime data using mainly two techniques: Categorizing the similar crimes to one crime, by comparing crime rate to total population.