The Role Of The Habsburg Monarchy

Throughout history there has been many religious conflicts. Of those, the Habsburg and Ottoman Empire are two of them. The Habsburg Empire was considered a Catholic Empire and the Ottoman was an Islam Empire. Charles V owned the Habsburg Empire. He inherited castile-Aragon (Spain) and the Habsburg territories. He also became the ruler of Aztec and Inca Empires in the Americas. (Sivers, Desnoyer, Stow 2012 Pg. 537) After battling against France in 1519, Charles was the title of emperor. In 1299, Osman Bey was in charge of the Ottoman Empire when he established independent rule in Anatolia. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire began in 1453.

Being the strong-willed ruler that she was, Catherine’s choices made an effect on her country, on the time period she was from, and she created her own legacy rather than following the usual lifestyle of a Queen or woman in the 1700’s. Less interested in the social reform than the preservations of the upper class, it didn’t phase Catherine if her plans didn’t sit well with the people that were higher up in the social class; and as serfdom began spreading to Ukraine and peasants revolted they were violently suppressed.During her time as ruler she didn’t bother sitting around and doing nothing, she had many architectural monuments commissioned in what is now modern day St. Petersburg, and had the West Wing of the Winter Palace finished in memory of her late husband, Peter of Russia. As a supporter of education, science and other subjects, Catherine made sure that others would be able to have the opportunity to grow to love these things as well. Catherine increased the number of Grade schools from 50 to 500 and increased the amount of high schools that were around drastically. She also created a high school that was just for girls from gentry families so that woman could have the same opportunities as the men.

In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic experienced a Golden Age and was able to maintain security, unity, and prosperity in its society and economy. The nation was considered a leading power, especially in trade and ideas, within Europe. However, it was not long before circumstances changed and the state face many problems establishing peace and agreement. By the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries, there had been a significant change in the Dutch Republic’s power, for multiple factors and reasons. From 1650 to 1713, not only external factors such as European intervention and British trading competition, but also internal division damaged the Dutch Republic and challenged its authority as a

Nationalism holds that where a nation exists, it should govern itself. The forces of nationalism influenced central Europe from Italy to the land of the Austrian Habsburgs. After 1815, the region knew the positive effects of a different style of governing and was divided into a much more rational set of political units. There was an effort by both states to unite its segmented lands, so that they could have a more international standpoint. By 1870, both Italy and the Austrian Empire had been re-established. Italy had become unified into a central power, whereas Austria-Hungary had established a dual monarchy.

Due to Louis being connected to the Habsburgs through his own marriage and that of his sister Anne, the Habsburg Archduke of Austria Ferdinand I was elected King of Bohemia. He moved to secure his title as King of Hungary and was crowned King by a minority group of nobles on December 16th 1526. However, he was not uncontested. János Zápolyai was also elected King by the majority of the nobility on November 11th. In order to cement his rule, Zápolyai was encouraged by a Polish noble and the French ambassador to Poland to enter an agreement with the Ottoman Sultan. As a result, Suleiman I supported Zápolyai and had him become his vassal. Suleiman then moved to expand further into Hungary and marched west, reaching Vienna in 1529. After the siege, heavy snowfall forced the Ottomans to retreat on October 14th, while Ferdinand secured the western province of Hungary. It was this division which remained the status quo until our period being studied, due to the exhaustion of the Ottoman machine of expansion. The result was the split of Hungary by the seventeenth century into the Habsburg controlled Royal Hungary in the west, the rival Principality of Transylvania in the east and the Ottoman controlled lands of the south and centre. This made sure that the Habsburg could consolidate power in Hungary while it was so divided.

In this essay I will break down and give background on the conflicts between the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires. I will compare and contrast a few of the economical differences between these empires.

The fourth section in chapter 14 Age of absolutism in the textbook detailed how charles VI and the people of austria were weakened by Thirty year war. But wanted to create a strong, well developed, and equal united state also focusing on expanding their main lands. But in while doing the process realized on how difficult of a challenge it was trying to unite diverse people with so many different cultures. Such as czech, hungarian, polish, magyars and many more. But was only substantial for a short period of time on controlling all the diverse people as a came to a fall. As a result causing the habsburg empire never to fully developed a strong centralized system.This textbook is a very reliable source because it was written by historians writers.

Frederick’s justification for taking the Kingship is that he was trying to restore peace and protect the Protestants in Bohemia. He claims that the Protestants were being victimized and that if he did not assume control in Bohemia then the blame for any more lives lost in the conflict could be placed on him. He explains why him taking control should not be seen as a power grab in the following quote:

Maria Theresa would in fact go on to become the only female ruler of the Hapsburg dominions, coming into power through legal succession. Born in 1717, on May 13th, Maria Theresa was the first child of Charles VI, the Holy Roman Emperor. Charles VI, made sure that she, being the oldest of his daughters, would be able to inherit his throne upon his death, if he was not able to produce a male heir. At the time, Salic Law made it impossible for a woman to inherit the throne, and through a great deal of work, Charles VI was able to change this law. However, many of the powers that originally agreed to allow Maria Theresa to succeed to the throne came to change their mind when Charles VI died, thus sparking the War of Austrian Succession. A war that

The increased revenue and cost savings of Maria Theresa and Haugwitz domestic reforms further served to strengthen the empire's army. Although it was peacetime, Maria Theresa saw the need to prepare an impending second war with Frederick II, as he sought to defend Prussia against Austria's newly formed alliance with France. In 1756 Frederick II once again declared war against Maria Theresa’s empire. His attack reached the pinnacle in the Seven Years War, during which Maria Theresa tried to reclaim Silesia. In 1762, when the Empress Elisabeth from Russia died, one of Austria’s greatest allies in the war, withdrew. It was now clear that the Habsburg Dynasty couldn’t win the war without its allies, in 1763 Maria Theresa and Frederick II agreed

The Ottoman and Habsburg were two different empires, which both empires had some differences as well as similarities. The Ottoman and Habsburg went through a through periods of time and challenges of nationalism. The Ottoman and Hapsburg empires lost a lot of land and uprisings after the ward war one. When Russia face a communist revolution and it also transferred into the long standing Soviet Union than the Ottoman become Turkey and the Habsburg empire came Austria. Russia attempted to give some form of modernization and power to people by making a small political council by Alexander. Alexander make a government organization and give money as well as secret police to stop acts of terror. Habsburgs and Ottomans had a very deep conflict

ABC-CLIO writes, “Other ethnic groups dreamed of forming their own homelands” (Unraveling the Causes of World War I). The German unification caused Germany became one of the strongest European countries in Europe. German’s were proud of their military power and industrial leadership. Other ethnic groups, like the French, longed to regain its place of Europe’s leading power. The French were bitter of their loss in the Franco-Prussian war and the German occupation of Alsace and Lorraine. They were eager for revenge against Germany and win back their lost provinces. The Slavs were another ethnic group that dreamed of forming their own homelands. The Balkans had a dream of unifying all of the Slavic states. In 1878, Serbia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. At that time, Serbia decided to claim to several regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina which were inhabited primarily by Serbs. However, the Congress of Berlin granted permission to Austria-Hungary to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the other disputed Serbian areas. In 1908, Austria-Hungary officially annexed all of Bosnia and Herzegovina, adding more fuel to the fires of Serbian nationalism. So when the Archduke was assassinated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria reacted quickly, as it was seen as the Empire's last chance to proclaim its superiority in the Balkans. Count Leopold von Berchtold, the Austrian foreign minister was determined to make use of the

Many principalities competed for political power, but the two main principalities competing against each other were the Habsburg-Austria and the Brandenburg-Prussia. This leads into the “stated-building realism”. The trend for the larger principalities was striving and having the need to obtain undivided executive power. Although Habsburg-Austria was larger than Brandenburg-Prussia both in extent and populations, Prussia was still able to conquer Austria. Brandenburg-Prussia, for example, imposed more taxes on its people to support their rising army and it’s “expansive military-civil bureaucracy”. This leads into the Economical development of

1a- A technique used to centralize power in the 15th century was increased taxes. Louis XI of France increased taxes on land to increase wealth for the crown. This helped centralize power by increasing the funds of the king, which in turn makes the central government stronger .1B. A factor that undermined the attempts to centralize power was a large amount of diversity.

Throughout the Wars of Unification, there were many pivotal events which had ultimately led to the Prussian Empire as the victor against the Austrians. Such important factors would include: Prussia’s economic success through the Zollverein, the strengthening of their military due to the economic boom, the crucial role of Otto von Bismarck, isolation of the Austrian Empire through means of acquiring foreign aid, and the detrimental obstacles Austria had to face at the time. Even though there may be even more factors that contributed to the Prussian Empire’s success in the Austro-Prussian War, these are the most vital causes that concluded to their triumph.