The Role Of Zinc In The Gastrointestinal System

Zinc: My intake value of zinc was 5.59 mg, while the DRI value 8.00 mg. This result should be concerned because Zinc acts as cofactors to protect from oxidative damage (Hammond, 2016f). Also, the symptoms of lacking Zinc includes diarrhea, slow wound healing, damaged digestive system and so on (Hammond, 2016h). Therefore, it is important to maintain a normal intake level of Zinc.

ZMA is a combination of Zinc, Magnessium and Vitamin B6. It plays a role as a Testosterone Supporting agent and is involved in ablout 500 metabolic reactions in our body. Besides increasing Testosterone, ZMA also increases the performance level and strength.

Give your child any vitamins or supplements as directed by your child’s health care provider.

Due to more and more zinc in the environment, water is being polluted with zinc. With the presence of this massive amount of zinc, the wastewater of industrial plants is not purified satisfactory. Zinc-polluted sludge contaminating the rivers is one of the consequences that is called upon due to the large quantities of zinc. This is a problem as it is possible for large quantities of zinc to increase the acidity of waters. Therefore, only some fish of which live in zinc-contaminated waterways can accumulate zinc. When zinc enters the bodies of these fish, these fish may bio magnify up the food chain. Zinc, as science has proven is an essential need for humans, an essential nutrient, however, excessive amounts are never healthy and even worse may be harmful. Humans getting their hands on excessive amounts of zinc may occur through drinking contaminated water. As stated before, zinc has been contaminating the water pipes and industrial releases as well as wastewaters and it is very adequate for humans to gain access, which may result exposure of zinc to potentially harmful levels. The effects that may be caused by this cause of action may include stomach cramps, skin irritations, vomiting, nausea, and anemia. Exposure to zinc with very high concentration may as well damage the pancreas, disturb the protein metabolism, cause arteriosclerosis and may further cause respiratory disorders. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of zinc may cause something called “metal fume fever”, which affects the lungs and the body's temperature control

This critical summary provides a background of why people suffer from diarrhea. It also defines what diarrhea is. Numerous ways of avoiding and curing Diarrhea for both adult and children will also be discussed in the summary. Watery feces many times per day, feel like vomiting and cramping, that is Diarrhea. Although, Diarrhea is not a dangerous symptom when it lasts for a short period of time, however, it can be hazardous if Diarrhea does not disappear after week 4. More than 100 types of diseases can cause Diarrhea, but most of the time it is because of the poisonous virus.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest risk of death in the first month of life and is among the regions showing the least progress. However, Sub-Saharan Africa has seen a faster decline in its under-five mortality rate, with the annual rate of reduction doubling between 1990–2000 and 2000–2011. s of Death One of the major causes of under-five mortality is neonatal sepsis. In 2010, 15% of newborn deaths in Africa can be attributed to infections related to the delivery process. In sub-Saharan Africa, care-seeking for pneumonia has improved from 36% in 2000 to 46% in 2010 for rural areas, and from 49% to 52% in urban areas. Diarrhoea causes about 11% of under-five deaths worldwide with nine-tenths of these deaths occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. Use of Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), one of the three key interventions for diarrhoea, has increased from 24% of children in sub-Saharan Africa receiving ORS in 2000 to 30% in 2011. In 2011, Malaria accounted for a loss of nearly 500,000 lives of children under-five in the world with almost all of the deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2000, only 2% of children under-five in Africa slept under Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), this number increased dramatically to 38% in 2010. Tanzania, Niger, and Mali have increased ITN use to over 60%. 165 million children under 5 are stunted (low height for age) in their growth due to poor nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life. Stunting rates in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased from 47% in 1990 to 40% in 2011, yet the prevalence is still high. Exclusive breastfeeding is a critical part of improving child survival and development. Sub-Saharan Africa has seen increases from 21% in 1995 to 33% in 2010 of infants under six months who are exclusively breastfed. The largest threat of maternal mortality occurs during labor, birth, and the 24

Zinc is a mineral that plays major roles in the body. For instance, it plays a role in the anabolism of proteins as well of the development of proteins. In addition, it affects cell division and gene expression. Zinc is also needed in reproductive and immune system (Fink and Heitner 2014). There are individuals that do not have an adequate amount of zinc in their everyday diets and doctors recommend that they take over the counter supplements to prevent serious health problems.

A disease caused by the bacteria V. cholerae which discharges a toxin causing an increased release of water from cells in the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea and dehydration, if left untreated, cholera can be fatal in hours even in previously healthy people.

In troubled areas, one can often see an increase within malnourished children. This means that the children’s immune system is highly exposed, which puts them in a vulnerable position towards diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhoea. The first 1000 days of a child’s life is greatly crucial for its health and development. If they do not develop accordingly to the normal standards, their development is getting paused, which is normally the case for malnourished children. On a global scale, 159 million children under the age of 5 suffers from malnutrition, where approximately 3 million of these die on a yearly basis (unicef.org.).

Malnutrition: - diarrhea leads depletion of vital nutrients from the body. It causes malnutrition and hamper children's physical and cognitive development.

Zinc is known to prevent and treat the intoxication of lead which often proves more effective along with the combination of methionine or thiamine (Flora et al., 1989; 1991). Supplementation of zinc simultaneously with methionine or thiamine helps effectively reduce urinary excretion of ALA and the lead induced ALAD activity in the blood. This suggests that the combination therapy including the essential nutrient elements and vitamins concurrently with exposure to lead could be more effective than treating the lead toxicity after exposure. This helps to reduce the absorption of lead in the gastrointestinal track. Thus it can be attributed that zinc help to reduce the lead absorption in the body, thus it is depicted from the study that lead levels and zinc levels in among both the healthy controls and workers occupationally exposed to lead can be highly correlated. Earlier it was shown that the depletion of zinc levels among individuals due to lead exposure can be restored due to supplementation of zinc. Thus zinc has been known to be an important antioxidant which was shown from the literature reviewed by Bray and Bettger (Bray and Bettger, 1990). There are two mechanisms which are been elucidated as to how zinc prevents the lead poisoning, besides being as an antioxidant. These two mechanisms are protection of sulfhydryl groups and prevention by ROS. There are several studies which indicate that zinc has a beneficial effect on treating lead poisoning (Flora et al., 1989;

Calcium supplements are supplied in oral formulations which include capsule, tablet and oral solution. Advantages to having different formulations include the ease of adapting to patient preference. Often times children or elderly who have difficulty swallowing will prefer using the oral solution of the supplement because of the ease of ingestion. Another advantage to the varying formulation of calcium supplements can be to reduce the side effects that another formulation of the supplement can have. In one study, it was found that by developing an enteric coated formulation of Calcium Acetate, some of the GI discomfort that is often linked to use of the non-enteric formulation was reduced. This study was somewhat inconclusive however because while results proved to show that there was an improvement in more tolerable GI discomfort, it was not certain on whether or not this could have been impacted by the smaller size tablet that was formulated for the experiment. A disadvantage to some of the different formulations is that while calcium supplements are generally well tolerated, the side effects of some can be so detrimental and can result in the discontinuation of the drug. Another disadvantage to the different formulations of calcium is that some combination products aside from calcium contain vitamin D. This can often have a negative

Diarrhoea is a killer disease is young children. One in four deaths in children under the age of 5 is estimated to be due to diarrhoea. It is the passage of loose, liquid or watery stool. In many regions, diarrhoea is defined as passage of three or more loose or watery stool, in 1980 in the developing countries, an estimated 5 million children under 5 years of age-about 10 every minute-died as a consequence of diarrhoea! disease. These deaths were an outcome of the some 1000 million episodes that occurred among the 338 million children in this age group and were undoubtedly more frequent poorer families (WHO). In the year2002, 15.2% of under-five years of age became prey of by diarrhoea, NFHS-2 data highlights morbidity profile of

There are twelve vital mineral salts within the human body, a proper balance is required throughout these twelve in order for normal cell function and for the maintenance of health. If there is an imbalance in the mineral salts whereby an abnormality arises (which could lead to disease), this balance has to be restored to ensure the normal balance of the vital minerals continues. This is done though the administration of the deficient mineral salts in an assimilated form. Dr Schuessler found the most effective way to administer the salts was from a homoeopathically prepared dosage which entered the cells rapidly through the blood stream.

Zinc deficiency in humans was first described by Ananda Prasad in the early 1960s (Prasad et al., 1961, 1963). Patients with zinc deficiency besides having stunted growth and being immune-compromised, exhibit mental lethargy. Indeed, there is a relationship between dietary zinc deficiency and the induction of depressive symptoms (Amani R, 2010;137:150–158). Several studies have now have now confirmed the relationship between depression and the disruption of serum zinc levels (Nowak G. 1999 67(1):85-92, Siwek M. 2010 126(3):447-52, Can you add another reference here?). Moreover, preclinical studies using experimentally induced zinc deficiency have shown specific behaviors such as increased anxiety, aggression, irritability, and deficits in